12. Austria Flashcards
Where are Austria’s vineyards located?
In the east bordering Hungary, Slovakia and Czechia where the Alps flatten
What is Austria’s general climate?
Cool continental
What are the four climatic influences north, east, south and west?
North - Cool northerly winds
East - Cooler Alpine breezes
South - Adriatic warmth
West - Pannonian warmth
What are two weather hazards?
1) Spring frost
2) Hail
What are the two main soil types?
1) Thin soil over granite or gneiss
2) Richer loess soil
What is gneiss?
Crystalline bedrock known locally as urgestein
Why is Riesling planted on thinner soils?
It requires less water than Gruner Veltliner
What was the traditional vine training method in Austria?
Lenz Moser - cordon trained to 1.2-1.4m (higher and wider than many to avoid shading), which is good for volume and mechanisation
What three regions require hand-harvesting due to their steepness?
1) Kamptal
2) Kremstal
3) Wachau
Why is disease pressure low?
Due to moderate precipitation: 450-850mm
What are Austria’s maximum yields?
67.5hL/ha
What are the three leading white plantings?
1) Gruner Veltliner
2) Welschriesling
3) Riesling
What are the two leading black plantings?
1) Zweigelt
2) Blaufrankisch
Describe Gruner Veltliner in the vineyard (4)
1) Suited to heavier clay, loess soils
2) Vigorous
3) Thick skins
4) Rotundone (pepper)
Of which two varieties is Zweigelt a cross?
Sankt Laurent and Blaufrankisch
Describe Zweigelt in the vineyard (3)
1) Early ripening
2) Vigorous
3) High yielding
What does Zweigelt suffer from?
Potassium deficiency where grapes wither before they ripen
Where and into what style is Welschriesling made?
1) Steiermark
2) Neutral, unoaked, dry, good, inexpensive
What premium styles, where and why can Welschriesling be made?
1) BA/TBA
2) Humid Neusiedlersee, Burgenland
3)Thick skins
When does Blaufrankisch bud?
Early - spring frost poses a risk
When does Blaufrankisch ripen?
Late
Describe Blaufrankisch in the vineyard (2)
1) Thick skins - important in humid Burgenland to avoid rot
2) High yielding
What are two prime Blaufrankisch regions?
1) Leithaberg DAC
2) Mittelburgenland DAC
Where is most Riesling found?
Niederosterreich
Describe white winemaking in five steps
1) Short skin contact
2) Neutral vessel
3) Temperature controlled
4) No MLC (for stylistic preference and difficult to achieve at low pH)
5) Fine lees up to six months
Describe red winemaking in three steps
1) Open top fermentation with punch down or pump over
2) Stainless steel or old, large oak
3) Ambient yeasts are common
Why might acacia be used for both red and white?
Allows oxygenation without imparting flavour
DAC stands for what?
Districtus Austriae Controllatus
What are Austria’s PDO and PGI terms?
PDO - Qualitatswein
PGI - Landwein
What are the two sub-categories of Qualitatswein?
1) Klassik - declared vintage and varietal characteristics
2) Reserve - dry, minimum 13%; harvested and released later than Klassik
Austrain wine shares Germany’s Pradikat system except which one level is not included?
Kabinett
What is Ausbruch?
TBA from Rust in Lake Neusiederlersee
How many DACs are there?
17
What is the aim of the DAC system?
To help ensure regional typicity
What is a criticism of the DAC system?
New-wave wines of high quality may be ineligible due to not being considered typical