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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 3. Burgundy > Flashcards

3. Burgundy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the most planted variety in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay

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2
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through Chablis?

A

Serein

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3
Q

Approximately how much land is currently under vine in Chablis?

A

5,800 ha

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4
Q

Describe Burgundy’s climate (2)

A

1) Chablis - cool continental
2) Cote d’Or et al - moderate continental

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5
Q

What three weather threats is Burgundy (including Chablis) vulnerable to?

A

1) Spring frost
2) Hail storms throughout the growing season
3) Growing season rainfall (680mm) increasing the risk of fungal diseases

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6
Q

What are the predominant soils in Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian limestone and clay

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7
Q

What three preventative measures are employed in Chablis to mitigate spring frost?

A

1) Smudge pots - pollutant
2) Sprinklers (aspersion) - most popular but expensive
3) Later pruning, which promotes later bud-burst

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8
Q

What is the primary rootstock used in Chablis and why?

A

1) 41B (vinifera x berlandieri)
2) Due to its high lime tolerance

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9
Q

What training system is most popular and why?

A

1) Double Guyot
2) If one cane fails the other may survive frost

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10
Q

How are harvests in Chablis generally undertaken?

A

By machine except for the steep GC hill

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11
Q

Chablis has seven Gran Cru climates. Name them

A

1) Blanchot
2) Bougros
3) Les Clos
4) Grenouilles
5) Preuses
6) Valmur
7) Vaudésir

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12
Q

Describe a typical Petit Chablis vineyard (3)

A

1) Flat or gentle slopes
2) Higher and cooler than Chablis AOC
3) Predominantly Portlandian soil

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13
Q

What is Portlandian soil?

A

Hard limestone with less clay than Kimmeridgian

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14
Q

What aspect does the GC Chablis vineyard face and for what two reasons is this beneficial?

A

1) South-west
2) On the right bank of the Serein for temperature moderation
3) Afternoon sun for ripening

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15
Q

What two benefits does the mid-slope give 1er and GC vineyards?

A

1) Drainage
2) Frost protection

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16
Q

May Burgundy be chaptalised?

A

Yes

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17
Q

What are Chablis’s maximum yields? (3)

A

1) Petit Chablis and Chablis - 60 hL/ha
2) Chablis 1er - 58 hL/ha
3) Chablis GC - 54 hL/ha

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18
Q

Name two producers who use old oak for Chablis maturation

A

1) Vincent Dauvissat
2) Francois Raveneau

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19
Q

Name a producer who uses new oak for Chablis maturation

A

William Fevre

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20
Q

In what vessel types is Chablis typically a) fermented and b) stored?

A

a) Stainless steel
b) Stainless steel and concrete

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21
Q

What provides protection from rain to the Cote d’Or?

A

The Morven hills to the west

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22
Q

Burgundy’s best vineyards are found mid-slope. Why? (3)

A

1) Well-draining, shallow soils
2) Good sunlight interception
3) Comparative frost protection

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23
Q

What is exacerbating the risk of spring frost?

A

Warmer than usual winters that encourage earlier growth

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24
Q

What is the elevation range in Burgundy?

A

200-400m

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25
Q

What soil type is dominant in a) Cote de Nuits and b) Cote de Beaune, and which varieties do these soils best correspond to?

A

1) Limestone x Pinot Noir
2) Clay x Chardonnay

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26
Q

What Cote Chalonnaise village is known for high quality Aligote?

A

Bouzeron

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27
Q

How do the soils differ from top to bottom of a slop?

A

1) Top - thin, often too thin for vines to thrive
2) Mid - ideal drainage and soil depth
3) Bottom - more fertile with poorer drainage leading to excessive vigour

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28
Q

Chardonnay is prone to what four disease pressures?

A

1) Grey rot
2) Powdery mildew
3) Millerandage
4) Grapevine yellows

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29
Q

What is the main challenge in good growing seasons with respect to Chardonnay?

A

Controlled vigour to avoid excessive yield and shading

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30
Q

Pinot Nor is prone to what six disease pressures?

A

1) Millerandage
2) Powdery mildew
3) Downy mildew
4) Botrytis
5) Fan leaf
6) Leaf roll

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31
Q

Many of the clones used in red and white Burgundy are drawn from which clone?

A

Dijon

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32
Q

Why are some growers using Poussard-Guyot?

A

It reduces the number of pruning wounds restricting them to the top of the cordon, which seeks to reduce the incidence of trunk disease i.e. Esca

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33
Q

What planting density is common in Burgundy? Why?

A

1) 8-10,000 per hectare
2) To encourage root competition leading to higher quality

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34
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with de-budding and green harvesting?

A

1) Can promote good balance in the vine
2) Can reduce yields in hail, frost etc affected years

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35
Q

What are Burgundy’s regional yield limits for red and white?

A

1) Red - 69hL/ha
2) White - 75hL/ha

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36
Q

What are Burgundy’s village yield limits for red and white?

A

1) Red - 40-45hL/ha
2) White - 45-47hL/ha

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37
Q

Is acidification permitted in Burgundy?

A

Yes, but rarely practised

38
Q

What is the maximum chaptalisation percentage permitted?

A

1.5-2%

39
Q

By what method is must for high quality wine clarified?

A

Sedimentation

40
Q

Why is white Burgundy typically whole bunch pressed?

A

The stems allow for easier drainage of juice and a light press for the same volume of extraction

41
Q

How might a winemaker lower the risk of premox?

A

Hyperoxidation

42
Q

What is a pièce?

A

A 228 litre Burgundy barrel, which is the standard size cask for maturation

43
Q

What are six potential reasons for premox?

A

1) Higher yields and different chemical composition of the grapes
2) Warmer vintages or later picking times
3) The use of over-clean musts
resulting from the use of pneumatic presses
4) Overzealous bâtonnage
5) Lower levels of sulphur dioxide at bottling
6) The quality of corks and changes in cork treatment before use

44
Q

What are three common fermentation decisions for white Burgundy?

A

1) Ambient or cultured yeasts
2) Fermentation in steel or oak
3) Maturation in oak or not

45
Q

What temperature range is white Burgundy typically fermented at and why?

A

1) 16-18
2) To preserve primary fruit and avoid banana flavours of cooler temperatures

46
Q

Is MLC common for white Burgundy?

A

Yes

47
Q

Why is batonnage common in white Burgundy? (2)

A

1) It is thought to reduce reductive flavours
2) Creamier texture

48
Q

Which producer led the way for destemming Pinot Noir for red Burgundy?

A

Henri Jayer

49
Q

Proponents of the use of whole bunches say they provide what two benefits in red Burgundy?

A

1) Aid aeration of the must
2) Can add perfume, freshness, and fine tannins to the wine

50
Q

What winemaking technique is used to maximise the extraction of
colour?

A

Cold soaking

51
Q

What is the four-tier hierarchy in the Côte d’Or?

A

1) Regional
2) Village/communal
3) Premier Cru
4 Grand Cru

52
Q

Why is pigeage and remontage important in red Burgundy? What are five benefits?

A

1) To introduce oxygen
2) Avoid reduction/reductive sulfur
3) Promote colour, flavour, tannin
4) Avoid acetic acid production
5) Regulates temperature

53
Q

What is the smallest Burgundy Grand Cru?

A

La Romanée Grand Cru (0.84ha)

54
Q

What is the largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits?

A

Clos de Vougeot (50.6ha)

55
Q

What are the six main villages in the Cote de Nuits?

A

1) Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
2) Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
3) Chambolle-Musigny AOC
4) Vougeot AOC
5) Vosne-Romanée AOC
6) Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC

56
Q

What are the 10 main villages in the Cote de Beaune?

A

1) Aloxe-Corton AOC
2) Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
3) Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
4) Beaune AOC
5) Pommard AOC
6) Volnay
7) Meursault
8) Puligny-Montrachet
9) Chassagne-Montrachet
10) St-Aubin

57
Q

What are the five main villages in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

1) Bouzeron AOC
2) Rully AOC
3) Mercurey AOC
4) Givry AOC
5) Montagny AOC

58
Q

What are the three hierarchy tiers of Macon?

A

1) Mâcon AOC
2) Mâcon-Villages
3) Mâcon-plus named village (e.g. Mâcon-Lugny, Mâcon-Solutré)

59
Q

What are three villages of Macon?

A

1) Pouilly-Fuissé AOC
2) Saint-Véran AOC
3) Viré-Clessé AOC

60
Q

What are two Grand Crus of Gevrey Chambertin?

A

1) Charmes Chambertin AOC
2) Chambertin Clos de Bèze AOC

61
Q

What are two Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis?

A

1) Clos de Tart AOC
2) Clos de la Roche AOC

62
Q

What are two Grand Crus of Chambolle Musigny?

A

1) Bonnes Mares AOC
2) Musigny AOC

63
Q

What is the Grand Cru of Vougeot?

A

Clos de Vougeot AOC

64
Q

What are two Grand Crus of Vosne Romanee?

A

1) La Tâche AOC
2) Romanée-Conti AOC

65
Q

Does Nuits-Saint-Georges have any Grand Crus?

A

No

66
Q

Name an important 1er Crus of NSG

A

Les Saint-Georges

67
Q

What is the Grand Cru of Aloxe-Corton AOC, Pernand-Vergelesses AOC and Ladoix-Serrigny AOC?

A

Corton-Charlemagne AOC

68
Q

Name a leading 1er Cru of Beaune?

A

Le Clos des Mouches

69
Q

Name a leading 1er Cru of Pommard?

A

Les Rugiens

70
Q

Name a leading 1er Cru of Volnay?

A

Clos des Chênes

71
Q

What are two leading 1er Crus of Meursault?

A

1) Perrières
2) Genevrières

72
Q

Name a leading 1er Cru of Saint-Aubin?

A

En Remilly

73
Q

What are two Grand Crus of Puligny-Montrachet?

A

1) Le Montrachet AOC
2) Bâtard-Montrachet AOC

74
Q

Name a village in the Cote de Beaune whose reputation/demand is increasing

A

Santenay AOC

75
Q

Name two villages in the Cote de Nuits whose reputation/demand is increasing

A

1) Marsannay
2) Fixin

76
Q

Bouzeron AOC must be exclusively which variety?

A

Aligote

77
Q

Which village is the largest producer of the communal appellations in the Côte Chalonnaise? What wine style does it produce?

A

1) Mercurey AOC
2) Mostly red

78
Q

Montagny may be which colour(s)?

A

White only

79
Q

Does Rully produce more white or red?

A

White

80
Q

Does Givry produce more white or red?

A

Red

81
Q

Mâcon-Villages and Mâcon-plus named village may be which colour(s)?

A

White only

82
Q

What is the only appellation in the Cote d’Or that permits rose? Why?

A

1) Marsannay
2) As the most northerly village it is cooler due to less protection from cold winds and has a gentler slope

83
Q

From Gevrey-Chambertin to Nuits-Saint-Georges higher alcohols and greater ripeness is often achieved. Why?

A

There is greater protection from south-west winds (compared with Marsannay and Fixin in the north)

84
Q

What are the five types of organisation within Burgundy?

A

1) Growers
2) Domaines
3) Negociants
4) Micro-negociants
5) Co-operatives

85
Q

Provide an example of a negociant

A

Faiveley

86
Q

What are Burgundy’s three largest export markets by value?

A

1) USA
2) UK
3) Japan

87
Q

What are considered to be the top four vintages since 2000?

A

1) 2002
2) 2005
3) 2010
4) 2015

88
Q

When do Pinot Noir and Chardonnay bud and ripen?

A

Early - hence the risk in spring of frost

89
Q

Why might Hautes Cotes wines be less concentrated? (4)

A

1) Higher altitude
2) Less wind protection
3) Poor sunlight interception (flat)
4) Richer soils

90
Q

Which four Cote de Beaune villages produce more or only white wines?

A

1) Meursault
2) Chassagne Montrachet
3) Puligny Montrachet
4) Saint-Aubin

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (42 decks)

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