3. Burgundy Flashcards
What is the most planted variety in Burgundy?
Chardonnay
What is the name of the river that runs through Chablis?
Serein
Approximately how much land is currently under vine in Chablis?
5,800 ha
Describe Burgundy’s climate (2)
1) Chablis - cool continental
2) Cote d’Or et al - moderate continental
What three weather threats is Burgundy (including Chablis) vulnerable to?
1) Spring frost
2) Hail storms throughout the growing season
3) Growing season rainfall (680mm) increasing the risk of fungal diseases
What are the predominant soils in Chablis?
Kimmeridgian limestone and clay
What three preventative measures are employed in Chablis to mitigate spring frost?
1) Smudge pots - pollutant
2) Sprinklers (aspersion) - most popular but expensive
3) Later pruning, which promotes later bud-burst
What is the primary rootstock used in Chablis and why?
1) 41B (vinifera x berlandieri)
2) Due to its high lime tolerance
What training system is most popular and why?
1) Double Guyot
2) If one cane fails the other may survive frost
How are harvests in Chablis generally undertaken?
By machine except for the steep GC hill
Chablis has seven Gran Cru climates. Name them
1) Blanchot
2) Bougros
3) Les Clos
4) Grenouilles
5) Preuses
6) Valmur
7) Vaudésir
Describe a typical Petit Chablis vineyard (3)
1) Flat or gentle slopes
2) Higher and cooler than Chablis AOC
3) Predominantly Portlandian soil
What is Portlandian soil?
Hard limestone with less clay than Kimmeridgian
What aspect does the GC Chablis vineyard face and for what two reasons is this beneficial?
1) South-west
2) On the right bank of the Serein for temperature moderation
3) Afternoon sun for ripening
What two benefits does the mid-slope give 1er and GC vineyards?
1) Drainage
2) Frost protection
May Burgundy be chaptalised?
Yes
What are Chablis’s maximum yields? (3)
1) Petit Chablis and Chablis - 60 hL/ha
2) Chablis 1er - 58 hL/ha
3) Chablis GC - 54 hL/ha
Name two producers who use old oak for Chablis maturation
1) Vincent Dauvissat
2) Francois Raveneau
Name a producer who uses new oak for Chablis maturation
William Fevre
In what vessel types is Chablis typically a) fermented and b) stored?
a) Stainless steel
b) Stainless steel and concrete
What provides protection from rain to the Cote d’Or?
The Morven hills to the west
Burgundy’s best vineyards are found mid-slope. Why? (3)
1) Well-draining, shallow soils
2) Good sunlight interception
3) Comparative frost protection
What is exacerbating the risk of spring frost?
Warmer than usual winters that encourage earlier growth
What is the elevation range in Burgundy?
200-400m
What soil type is dominant in a) Cote de Nuits and b) Cote de Beaune, and which varieties do these soils best correspond to?
1) Limestone x Pinot Noir
2) Clay x Chardonnay
What Cote Chalonnaise village is known for high quality Aligote?
Bouzeron
How do the soils differ from top to bottom of a slop?
1) Top - thin, often too thin for vines to thrive
2) Mid - ideal drainage and soil depth
3) Bottom - more fertile with poorer drainage leading to excessive vigour
Chardonnay is prone to what four disease pressures?
1) Grey rot
2) Powdery mildew
3) Millerandage
4) Grapevine yellows
What is the main challenge in good growing seasons with respect to Chardonnay?
Controlled vigour to avoid excessive yield and shading
Pinot Nor is prone to what six disease pressures?
1) Millerandage
2) Powdery mildew
3) Downy mildew
4) Botrytis
5) Fan leaf
6) Leaf roll
Many of the clones used in red and white Burgundy are drawn from which clone?
Dijon
Why are some growers using Poussard-Guyot?
It reduces the number of pruning wounds restricting them to the top of the cordon, which seeks to reduce the incidence of trunk disease i.e. Esca
What planting density is common in Burgundy? Why?
1) 8-10,000 per hectare
2) To encourage root competition leading to higher quality
What are the advantages and disadvantages associated with de-budding and green harvesting?
1) Can promote good balance in the vine
2) Can reduce yields in hail, frost etc affected years
What are Burgundy’s regional yield limits for red and white?
1) Red - 69hL/ha
2) White - 75hL/ha
What are Burgundy’s village yield limits for red and white?
1) Red - 40-45hL/ha
2) White - 45-47hL/ha
Is acidification permitted in Burgundy?
Yes, but rarely practised
What is the maximum chaptalisation percentage permitted?
1.5-2%
By what method is must for high quality wine clarified?
Sedimentation
Why is white Burgundy typically whole bunch pressed?
The stems allow for easier drainage of juice and a light press for the same volume of extraction
How might a winemaker lower the risk of premox?
Hyperoxidation
What is a pièce?
A 228 litre Burgundy barrel, which is the standard size cask for maturation
What are six potential reasons for premox?
1) Higher yields and different chemical composition of the grapes
2) Warmer vintages or later picking times
3) The use of over-clean musts
resulting from the use of pneumatic presses
4) Overzealous bâtonnage
5) Lower levels of sulphur dioxide at bottling
6) The quality of corks and changes in cork treatment before use
What are three common fermentation decisions for white Burgundy?
1) Ambient or cultured yeasts
2) Fermentation in steel or oak
3) Maturation in oak or not
What temperature range is white Burgundy typically fermented at and why?
1) 16-18
2) To preserve primary fruit and avoid banana flavours of cooler temperatures
Is MLC common for white Burgundy?
Yes
Why is batonnage common in white Burgundy? (2)
1) It is thought to reduce reductive flavours
2) Creamier texture
Which producer led the way for destemming Pinot Noir for red Burgundy?
Henri Jayer
Proponents of the use of whole bunches say they provide what two benefits in red Burgundy?
1) Aid aeration of the must
2) Can add perfume, freshness, and fine tannins to the wine
What winemaking technique is used to maximise the extraction of
colour?
Cold soaking
What is the four-tier hierarchy in the Côte d’Or?
1) Regional
2) Village/communal
3) Premier Cru
4 Grand Cru
Why is pigeage and remontage important in red Burgundy? What are five benefits?
1) To introduce oxygen
2) Avoid reduction/reductive sulfur
3) Promote colour, flavour, tannin
4) Avoid acetic acid production
5) Regulates temperature
What is the smallest Burgundy Grand Cru?
La Romanée Grand Cru (0.84ha)
What is the largest Grand Cru in the Cote de Nuits?
Clos de Vougeot (50.6ha)
What are the six main villages in the Cote de Nuits?
1) Gevrey-Chambertin AOC
2) Morey-Saint-Denis AOC
3) Chambolle-Musigny AOC
4) Vougeot AOC
5) Vosne-Romanée AOC
6) Nuits-Saint-Georges AOC
What are the 10 main villages in the Cote de Beaune?
1) Aloxe-Corton AOC
2) Pernand-Vergelesses AOC
3) Ladoix-Serrigny AOC
4) Beaune AOC
5) Pommard AOC
6) Volnay
7) Meursault
8) Puligny-Montrachet
9) Chassagne-Montrachet
10) St-Aubin
What are the five main villages in the Cote Chalonnaise?
1) Bouzeron AOC
2) Rully AOC
3) Mercurey AOC
4) Givry AOC
5) Montagny AOC
What are the three hierarchy tiers of Macon?
1) Mâcon AOC
2) Mâcon-Villages
3) Mâcon-plus named village (e.g. Mâcon-Lugny, Mâcon-Solutré)
What are three villages of Macon?
1) Pouilly-Fuissé AOC
2) Saint-Véran AOC
3) Viré-Clessé AOC
What are two Grand Crus of Gevrey Chambertin?
1) Charmes Chambertin AOC
2) Chambertin Clos de Bèze AOC
What are two Grand Crus of Morey-Saint-Denis?
1) Clos de Tart AOC
2) Clos de la Roche AOC
What are two Grand Crus of Chambolle Musigny?
1) Bonnes Mares AOC
2) Musigny AOC
What is the Grand Cru of Vougeot?
Clos de Vougeot AOC
What are two Grand Crus of Vosne Romanee?
1) La Tâche AOC
2) Romanée-Conti AOC
Does Nuits-Saint-Georges have any Grand Crus?
No
Name an important 1er Crus of NSG
Les Saint-Georges
What is the Grand Cru of Aloxe-Corton AOC, Pernand-Vergelesses AOC and Ladoix-Serrigny AOC?
Corton-Charlemagne AOC
Name a leading 1er Cru of Beaune?
Le Clos des Mouches
Name a leading 1er Cru of Pommard?
Les Rugiens
Name a leading 1er Cru of Volnay?
Clos des Chênes
What are two leading 1er Crus of Meursault?
1) Perrières
2) Genevrières
Name a leading 1er Cru of Saint-Aubin?
En Remilly
What are two Grand Crus of Puligny-Montrachet?
1) Le Montrachet AOC
2) Bâtard-Montrachet AOC
Name a village in the Cote de Beaune whose reputation/demand is increasing
Santenay AOC
Name two villages in the Cote de Nuits whose reputation/demand is increasing
1) Marsannay
2) Fixin
Bouzeron AOC must be exclusively which variety?
Aligote
Which village is the largest producer of the communal appellations in the Côte Chalonnaise? What wine style does it produce?
1) Mercurey AOC
2) Mostly red
Montagny may be which colour(s)?
White only
Does Rully produce more white or red?
White
Does Givry produce more white or red?
Red
Mâcon-Villages and Mâcon-plus named village may be which colour(s)?
White only
What is the only appellation in the Cote d’Or that permits rose? Why?
1) Marsannay
2) As the most northerly village it is cooler due to less protection from cold winds and has a gentler slope
From Gevrey-Chambertin to Nuits-Saint-Georges higher alcohols and greater ripeness is often achieved. Why?
There is greater protection from south-west winds (compared with Marsannay and Fixin in the north)
What are the five types of organisation within Burgundy?
1) Growers
2) Domaines
3) Negociants
4) Micro-negociants
5) Co-operatives
Provide an example of a negociant
Faiveley
What are Burgundy’s three largest export markets by value?
1) USA
2) UK
3) Japan
What are considered to be the top four vintages since 2000?
1) 2002
2) 2005
3) 2010
4) 2015
When do Pinot Noir and Chardonnay bud and ripen?
Early - hence the risk in spring of frost
Why might Hautes Cotes wines be less concentrated? (4)
1) Higher altitude
2) Less wind protection
3) Poor sunlight interception (flat)
4) Richer soils
Which four Cote de Beaune villages produce more or only white wines?
1) Meursault
2) Chassagne Montrachet
3) Puligny Montrachet
4) Saint-Aubin
