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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 21. Portugal > Flashcards

21. Portugal Flashcards

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1
Q

How many DOCs are there in Portugal?

A

31

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2
Q

What is Portugal’s PDO?

A

Denominacao de Origem Controlada/Protegida

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3
Q

What is Portugal’s PGI?

A

Vinho Regional

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4
Q

What is Vinho Verde’s climate and why?

A

Moderate maritime due to its proximity to the Atlantic and the river valleys funneling winds

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5
Q

What are Vinho Verde’s soils and its benefits?

A

1) Granitic bedrock with shallow decomposed granite topsoil.
2) Good drainage, low fertility

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6
Q

What are two inland sub-zones of Vinho Verde?

A

1) Baiao
2) Moncao e Melgaco

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7
Q

What is the rainfall like in Vinho Verde?

A

High - 1,500mm

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8
Q

What are the two main viticultural hazards in Vinho Verde?

A

1) Rot
2) Mildew

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9
Q

How are humidity risks combatted in Vinho Verde? (2)

A

1) Training the vines high for air circulation
2) Green harvesting and shoot thinning

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10
Q

What is Vinho Verde’s most widely grown variety? Describe it

A

Loureiro

Predominantly towards the coast it’s mid-ripening; citrus, floral

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11
Q

What is the main quality variety of Vinho Verde and what flavours does it offer?

A

Alvarinho - citrus to tropical

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12
Q

What are three other white varieties of Vinho Verde?

A

1) Pederna
2) Avessa
3) Trajadura

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13
Q

What is the black variety of Vinho Verde? Describe it

A

1) Vinhao
2) Deep colour, high acid, cherry

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14
Q

Describe typical Vinho Verde winemaking (3)

A

1) Protective
2) CO2 added at bottling
3) High quality may see oak, lees, ambient yeasts

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15
Q

What is the premium sub-zone of Vinho Verde

A

Moncao e Melgaco

The only sub-zone permitted to name Alvarinho as a single varietal on the label

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16
Q

What is the main business size in Vinho Verde?

A

Less than 1ha on average meaning co-ops and large merchants make most of the wine

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17
Q

Name two significant Vinho Verde producers

A

1) Anselmo Mendes
2) Quinta de Soalheiro

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18
Q

What are the Douro’s three sub-regions?

A

1) Douro Superior - upper (east)
2) Cima Corgo - centre
3) Baixo Corgo - west

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19
Q

What mountain range shields Douro from the Atlantic?

A

Serra do Marao

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20
Q

What’s Douro’s climate?

A

Warm continental

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21
Q

What is unusual about Douro’s soil?

A

The schist splits vertically allowing for root penetration

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22
Q

What are the six key black varieties in Douro?

A

1) Touriga Franca
2) Touriga Nacional
3) Tinta Roriz
4) Tinta Barroca
5) Tinta Cao
6) Sousao

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23
Q

What are the four key white varieties in Douro?

A

1) Viosinto
2) Rabigato
3) Gouveio
4) Muscatel Galego Branco

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24
Q

Are Douro reds destemmed? Why?

A

1) Yes
2) Tannic varieties used don’t need stem tannin

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25
Q

Name two significant Douro producers

A

1) Prats and Symington
2) Quinta do Vale Meao

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26
Q

Why might Douro red fermentation temperatures be unusual?

A

24-28 - low; allows for tannin extraction control

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27
Q

What is Dao’s climate and why?

A

1) Mediterranean
2) Surrounded by mountains giving protection from cool maritime in the west and arid in the east

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28
Q

What is Dao’s rainfall?

A

Relatively high (1,100 - 1,600mm) during autumn and winter

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29
Q

What is thought to bring a signature note to Dao’s wine?

A

Pine and eucalyptus forests

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30
Q

What is Dao’s elevation?

A

400-500m but as low as 200m and as high as 900m

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31
Q

Describe Dao’s soils

A

Granite with a sandy/loamy texture low in organic matter so free draining

32
Q

What are Dao’s four main black varieties?

A

1) Jaen (Mencia)
2) Touriga Nacional
3) Tinta Roriz
4) Alfrocheiro

33
Q

How do Dao red wines compare with Douro?

A

Less full-bodied and intense with fresher fruit and high acidity

34
Q

What is Dao’s key white variety?

A

Encruzado - medium acid; can be full-bodied; lemon, peach, floral

35
Q

What’s Dao’s producer model?

A

30,000 small (0.5ha) vineyard holdings

36
Q

What is the climate of Bairrada?

A

Maritime due to the proximity to the coast

37
Q

What is Bairrada’s main black variety?

A

Baga - high acid/tannin; medium body; cranberry, cherry, plum

38
Q

When does Baga ripen?

A

Late so the region’s potential high rainfall in autumn can be a problem

39
Q

Describe Bairrada’s best soils for Baga

A

Limestone - free-draining, low nutrient, light reflecting

40
Q

What six other varieties are permitted in Bairrada?

A

1) Touriga Nacional
2) Jaen
3) Alfrocheiro
4) Camarate
5) Cabernet Sauvignoon
6) Merlot

41
Q

What are four key white varieties of Bairrada?

A

1) Maria Gomes (most planted white in Portugal)
2) Bical
3) Arinto
4) Cercial

42
Q

Why is Maria Gomes favourable in Bairrada?

A

It ripens early (damp climate) and yields high

43
Q

What international white varieties are found in Bairrada?

A

1) Sauvignon Blanc
2) Chardonnay

44
Q

What is Bairrada’s best sub-region for premium wine and why?

A

1) Cantanhede
2) Limestone opposed to sand found elsewhere

45
Q

Where is Alentejo?

A

South-east Portugal along the border with Spain in the east and the Algarve mountains in the south

46
Q

What is Alentejo’s Vinho Regional and what is it used for?

A

1) Alentejano
2) International varieties

47
Q

What is Alentejo’s climate?

A

Mediterranean - hot summers, mild winters, low rainfall

48
Q

Why is replacement cane falling from favour in Alentejo?

A

Skilled labour is needed and this is a sparsely populated region

49
Q

Name and describe one of Alentejo’s eight sub-regions

A

1) Portalegre
2) Northern; 800masl; cooler

50
Q

What are the four key black varieties in Alentejo?

A

1) Aragonez (Tinta Roriz/Tempranillo)
2) Alicante Bouschet
3) Trincadeira
4) Touriga Nacional

51
Q

Are Alentejo’s wines typically blends of single varietal?

A

Blends

52
Q

What is Alentejo’s most common international black variety?

A

Syrah

53
Q

What are the three key white varieties of Alentejo?

A

1) Roupeiro
2) Arinto
3) Antao Vaz

54
Q

Why is Trincadeira suitable in Alentejo?

A

It is susceptible to rot, but grows well in the dry climate

55
Q

Why is Roupeiro suitable in Alentejo?

A

Retains acidity in the hot climate

56
Q

Why is Antao Vaz suitable in Alentejo?

A

Drought tolerant

57
Q

Why is Alentejo suited to volume production? (3)

A

1) High sunshine
2) Dry summers
3) Flat and expansive

58
Q

Where are Alentejo’s wines commonly sold?

A

Domestic - to Lisbon tourists

59
Q

What mountain range separates Lisboa’s growing regions?

A

Serra de Montejunto

60
Q

Which side of Serra de Montejunto is preferred for Lisboa’s viticulture and why?

A

1) East
2) Protected from the wet Atlantic

61
Q

What are Lisboa’s two best known DOCs?

A

1) Alenquer
2) Bucelas

62
Q

What two varieties are common in Alenquer?

A

1) Touriga Nacional
2) Aragones (Tempranillo)

63
Q

What variety is common in Bucelas?

A

Arinto

64
Q

What makes the Colares DOC in Lisboa of interest? (3)

A

1) It is cool, and foggy
2) Phylloxera-free sandy soils
3) Ungrafted bush vines

65
Q

Why is Lisboa Vinho Regional often preferred by producers? (2)

A

1) More flexible regulations
2) Lisboa as a name offers more recognition than smaller DOCs

66
Q

What is Lisboa’s largest producer?

A

Santos Lima

67
Q

Name two significant producers in Lisboa

A

1) Quina de Chocpalha
2) Quuinta do Monto d’Oiro

68
Q

What is the climate of the Peninsula de Setubel?

A

Mediterranean - hot, dry summers; mild, wet winters

69
Q

Name two DOCs of Peninsula de Setubel

A

1) Palmela
2) Setubal

70
Q

Palmela must be what per cent of what variety?

A

67% Castelao

71
Q

What are the two distinct areas of Peninsula de Setubal

A

1) Mountains in the west - cool; clay and limestone
2) Eastern - flat, sandy with clay and schist

72
Q

What vineyard area is best for Castelau?

A

Warm sandy plains

73
Q

Setubal DOC is of what variety and in what style?

A

Sweet/fortified Muscat

74
Q

What is the main white variety in Setubal DOC?

A

Fernao Pires

75
Q

What is Tejo’s climate?

A

Mediterranean

76
Q

What are the three main areas of Tejo?

A

1) North - higher rainfall; clay-limestone and schist
2) River - fertile alluvial; best for whites
3) South - hot, dry; sandy soils

77
Q

What is the general wine style of Tejo?

A

High volume of local and international varieties of good quality for early consumption

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (40 decks)

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