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WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World > 11. Germany > Flashcards

11. Germany Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Flurbereinigung?

A

Post-war reconstruction/consolidation of small, fragmented vineyards with the goal to improve vineyard accessibility and mechanisation capability so as to reduce costs

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2
Q

All of Germany’s main wine producing regions are at which latitude except for which region?

A

1) 49-50 north
2) Baden

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3
Q

What is Germany’s overall climate?

A

Cool continental

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4
Q

Along which river are most of Germany’s vineyards situated?

A

The Rhine and its tributaries

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5
Q

Describe the seasons in Germany

A

1) Winter - very cold
2) Spring - frost risk
3) Summer - warm but wet
4) Autumn - long and dry

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6
Q

What are the two mountain ranges that provide shelter?

A

1) Taunus
2) Haardt

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7
Q

What soil plays an important role in Mosel and Ahr?

A

Dark slate that retains heat and reflects warmth at night

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8
Q

What is pendelbogen?

A

Replacement cane pruning with the can arched to the trellis

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9
Q

What is the advantage of pendelbogen?

A

The arching is thought to improve sap flow and increase the number of viable buds

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10
Q

What are the five leading white plantings?

A

1) Riesling
2) Muller-Thurgau
3) Grauburgunder
4) Weissburgunder
5) Silvaner

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11
Q

What are the two leading black plantings?

A

1) Spatburgunder
2) DornfelderD

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12
Q

Describe Riesling in the vineyard (4)

A

1) Late budding
2) Thick wood
3) Late ripening
4) Frost resistant

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13
Q

When does Muller-Thurgau ripen and what is an advantage of this?

A

1) Earlier than Riesling
2) High yields in almost any conditions

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14
Q

Describe the wine characteristics of Muller-Thurgau (3)

A

1) Lower acidity than Riesling
2) Early/earlier drinking
3) Fruity, floral, simple

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15
Q

What has led to the rise in Spatburgunder plantings? (3)

A

1) Higher quality clones
2) Perfecting canopy management
3) Selecting harvest dates for ripeness, alcohol and acid

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16
Q

What style of wine does Dornfelder produce? (3)

A

1) Deep colour
2) High acid
3) Fruity, floral

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17
Q

In which two regions is Dornfelder particularly successful?

A

1) Rheinhessen
2) Pfalz

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18
Q

Where is Silvaner likely to produce higher quality wines?

A

Franken

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19
Q

There are sizeable plantings of Grauburgunder and Weissburgunder in which three regions?

A

1) Rheinhessen
2) Pfalz
3) Baden (most important)

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20
Q

What international variety has been permitted since 1990?

A

Chardonnay

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21
Q

What four other varieties are planted?

A

1) Portugieser
2) Schwarzriesling (Meunier)
3) Trollinger (Schiava)
4) Lemberger (Blaufrankisch)

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22
Q

Why did the number of crosses increase in the mid-20th century?

A

The drive to produce high yields with high must weights was encouraged by German wine law

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23
Q

What are two crosses capable of producing quality wines besides Muller-Thurgau?

A

1) Kerner
2) Scheurebe

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24
Q

Is enrichment permitted in Pradikatswein?

A

No

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25
Q

Why is enrichment becoming obsolete?

A

Climate change and improved viticultural techniques render it less necessary except for bulk production.

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26
Q

What is the traditional fermentation vessel?

A

Large old oak for oxygenation

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27
Q

What is the fuder?

A

1,000l oak vessel of the Mosel

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28
Q

What is the stuck?

A

1,200 oval oak vessel of the Rhine

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29
Q

What two oak sources are common?

A

1) Pfalz - large
2) French - barriques

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30
Q

Why has stainless steel become popular? (4)

A

1) Temperature control
2) Easy to clean
3) Size (cost and economies of scale)
4) Inert (stylistic preference)

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31
Q

What is sussreserve?

A

Unfermented/partially fermented must

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32
Q

Sussreserve must be produced from what?

A

From grapes of the same region and quality as the wine it’s added to

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33
Q

How is sussreserve produced?

A

A small portion is separated pre-ferment, which is then clarified, chilled and SO2 is added

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34
Q

When is sussreserve added?

A

Prior to bottling, which potentially reduces the alcohol percentage of the final wine as it’s 0%

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35
Q

What is a more quality -minded approach to retaining sweetness?

A

Stopping fermentation by adding SO2, racking, or filtering

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36
Q

RCGM can only be used at which level?

A

Deutscher wine

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37
Q

What is the sweet/dry sales and production trend?

A

Towards trocken/halbtrocken

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38
Q

What was the traditional use for sweetness?

A

To mask bitter/unripe fruit and balance acid

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39
Q

What technique is employed in the winery for inexpensive red?

A

Thermovinification for quick extraction

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40
Q

What are the four quality levels of German wine?

A

1) Deutscher
2) Land
3) Qualitats
4) Pradikats

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41
Q

What is the fundamental principal of German wine law?

A

Categorising according to must weight

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42
Q

What is Deutscher Wein? (3)

A

1) Wine without a GI from German fruit
2) 8.5-15% in any style
3) Inexpensive; accounts for a small % of crush

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43
Q

What is Landwein? (4)

A

1) 8.5-15%
2) Commonly trocken/halbtrocken
3) 85% from the region on the label
4) PGI equivalent

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44
Q

What is Qualitatswein? (2)

A

1) From 1/13 abaugebeite - stated on the label
2) Minimum 7% in any style

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45
Q

What is Amtliche Prufungsrummer (AP)

A

A 10-12 digit number that indicates when a Qualitatswein was lab tested, the vineyard location, and bottler’s lot #

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46
Q

What is Bereich?

A

1/40 named sites for Pradikatswein

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46
Q

Does the Bereich need to be on the label?

A

No, but Anbaugebeite does

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47
Q

From which varieties can Pradikatswein be produced?

A

Any so long as it’s permitted by the Anbaugebeite

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48
Q

Describe Kabinett (3)

A

1) The lightest in body but highest in acidity
2) Citrus, green fruit
3) Dry to medium-sweet

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49
Q

Describe Spatlese (4)

A

1) Picked two weeks after Kabi
2) Riper - stone fruit and fuller body
3) Slightly high alcohol at relative residual sugar level
4) Dry to medium-sweet

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50
Q

Describe Auslese (3)

A

1) Extra-ripe - honeyed if Botrytis included
2) Dry to sweet
3) Hand-harvested and/or hand-sorted

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51
Q

Describe Beerenauslese (4)

A

1) Hand-harvested
2) Always sweet; minimum 5%
3) Botrytis common but not essential
4) Very ripe, dry stone fruit

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52
Q

Describe Eiswein (3)

A

1) Harvested below -7 degrees, Nov-Feb
2) Pressed while frozen
3) High acidity, concentrated peach and grapefruit

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53
Q

How are growers protecting Eiswein fruit from disease/predators?

A

Plastic sheeting

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54
Q

Describe TBA (2)

A

1) Botrytis essential
2) Rarely higher than 8%

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55
Q

What is trocken?

A

No more than 4g/L residual sugar or up to 9g/L where the residual sugar doesn’t exceed total acidity by more than 2g/L

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56
Q

What is halbtrocken?

A

4-12g/L residual sugar or up to 18g/L where the residual sugar doesn’t exceed total acidity by more than 10g/L

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57
Q

What is Lieblich? (2)

A

1) Medium/medium-sweet
2) 12-45g/L residual sugar

58
Q

What is suss? (2)

A

1) Sweet
2) >45g/L residual sugar

59
Q

What is feinherb? (3)

A

1) Fine dry
2) Not legislated
3) Halbtrocken and slightly sweeter

60
Q

What might Goldkapsel signify?

A

A greater % of botrytis fruit due to potential sweetness range in the Auslese category

61
Q

What is Einzellagen?

A

Individual vineyard sites

62
Q

What is Grosslagen?

A

Collective vineyard sites

63
Q

At which two quality levels are Grosslagen and Einzellagen permitted?

A

Qualitatswein and Pradikatswein

64
Q

What is a consumer difficulty regarding Einzellagen and Grosslagen labelling?

A

There is no clear distinction between them.

I.e. Piesporter Goldtropfchen is an Einzellagen, but Piesporter Michelsburger is a Grosslagen

65
Q

What is Liebfraumilch? (4)

A

1) Qualitatswein level
2) Medium-dry - at least 18g/L
3) 70% Riesling, Muller-Thurgau (most common) or Kerner
4) From Rheinhessen, Pfalz, Rheingau or Nahe

66
Q

VDP has stricter standards than German wine law. What are five?

A

1) Lower maximum yields
2) Higher minimum must weights
3) Predominantly traditional varieties
4) Encourages sustainable viticulture
5) Audits every five years

67
Q

How much VDP dry wines be labelled?

A

Qualitatswein Trocken

68
Q

What are the four levels of VDP quality?

A

1) Gutswein (region)
2) Ortswein (village)
3) Erste Lage (1er cru)
4) Gross Lage (Grand cru)

69
Q

Name five Erste Lage requirements

A

1) 60 hL/ha
2) Hand-harvested
3) At least Spatlese ripeness
4) Traditional winemaking
5) Village and vineyard on the label

70
Q

Name six Gross Lage requirements

A

1) 50 hL/ha
2) White - dry released after 1 September the year post-harvest
3) Red - 12 month oak and released after 1 September after maturation
4) Pradikatswein released after 1 May post-harvest
5) Varieties determined according to Anbaugebeite

71
Q

What are two Gross Lage labelling requirements?

A

1) G.G. permitted, Grosses Gewaches isn’t
2) Vineyard permitted, village isn’t

72
Q

What is the Rheingau Charter?

A

It was introduced to promote dry wines from Rheingau’s best vineyard sites

73
Q

What is the legally protected term for wines under the Rheingau Charter?

A

Erstes Gewachs

74
Q

Name three requirements of Erstes Gewachs (Rheingau)

A

1) Riesling or Spatburgunder
2) Hand-harvested
3) Dr with a minimum must weight equivalent to Spatlese

75
Q

What is Deutscher wine?

A

Wine without a GI stating only vintage and variety

76
Q

What is Landwein?

A

PGI level from 1/26 defined areas

77
Q

What is Qualitatswein? (2)

A

PDO - defined origin
50-72 Oeschle depending on origin

78
Q

What is Pradikatswein?

A

A category within Qualitatswein with a must weight classification

79
Q

What are the four new levels since 2021 for Qualitatswein?

A

1) Anbaugebeite (winegrowing area)
2) Region (formerly Bereich)
3) Village/Ortswein
4) Vineyard/Einzellage

80
Q

Einzellage must be the equivalent of what Pradikat?

A

Kabinett

81
Q

What is the largest Anbaugebeite?

A

Rheinhessen

82
Q

What two mountain ranges shelter the Rheinhessen?

A

1) Hunsbruck
2) Taunus

83
Q

What quality level dominates Rheinhessen?

A

Bulk

84
Q

Name a premium area of Rheinhessen

A

Rheinterrasse

85
Q

Describe Rheinterrasse

A

Steeply sloping vineyards on the west bank of the River Rhein facing east for cool morning sunshine with moderation from the river

86
Q

Name the reputed strip of Rheinterrasse

A

Roter Hang

87
Q

What is Rotliegenden?

A

Iron-rich red soil of slate, clay and sandstone common in Roter Hang

88
Q

Name two significant Rheinhessen producers

A

1) Keller
2) Gunderloch

89
Q

Name the other high quality area of Theinhessen

A

Wonnegau

90
Q

What topographical peculiarity is particular to Pfalz?

A

It is not situated along a river

91
Q

What can be found in the east and west of Pfalz vineyards?

A

East - Haardt mountains
West - Rhine Plain

92
Q

What is the renowned area of vineyards in Pfalz?

A

Mittelheim (north)

93
Q

Mittelheim consists of which five villages?

A

1) Bad Durkheim
2) Wachenheim
3) Furst
4) Deidesheim
5) Ruppertsberg

94
Q

Describe Mittelheim vineyards (4)

A

1) South-facing
2) Foothills of Haardt
3) Wind protected
4) Lime, sand, basalt, clay

95
Q

What/where is the traditional area for inexpensive production in Pflaz and why?

A

Sudliche Weinterrasse
South (warmer), fertile sandstone

96
Q

Name two Pfalz producers

A

1) Burklin-Wolf
2) Winzerverein Deidesheim

97
Q

What makes Baden Germany’s warmest, driest region? (2)

A

1) Its southerly latitude
2) Vosges rain shadow

98
Q

What is Baden’s most planted variety?

A

Spatburgunder

99
Q

Baden’s climate is also suited to which variety and style?

A

Inexpensive Muller-Thurgau

100
Q

What company type is common in Baden? Given an example

A

1) Co-op
2) Badischer Winzerkeller

101
Q

Name two Bereich in Pfalz and their respective wine styles

A

1) Ortenau - cool, delicate, marked acidity
2) Kaiserstuhl - full, high alcohol, ripe and smoky

102
Q

What is Wurttemberg’s main style?

A

Light, fruit reds for domestic consumption

103
Q

What and why are three important varieties in Wurttemberg?

A

1) Trollinger
2) Lemberger
3) Schwarzriesling

Gives producers a potential point of difference in export markets

104
Q

What are two topographical/geological factors (besides aspect) beneficial to ripening in the Mosel?

A

1) Sunshine reflection off the river
2) Dark coloured slate (grey, blue, brown, red)

105
Q

The Mosel can be split into three. What are the sections and which is largest?

A

1) Upper
2) Middle - largest
3) Lower

106
Q

What are seven notable villages in Mosel?

A

1) Brauneberg
2) Erden
3) Graach
4) Urzig
5) Wehlen
6) Bernkastel
7) Piesport

107
Q

Name two vineyards in Brauneberg

A

1) Juffer
2) Juffer-Sonnenuhr

108
Q

Name two vineyards in Erden

A

1) Treppchen
2) Pralat

109
Q

Name two vineyards in Graach

A

1) Himmelreich
2) Domprobst

110
Q

Name a vineyard in Urzig

A

Wurzgarten

111
Q

Name a vineyard in Wehlen

A

Sonnenuhr

112
Q

Name a vineyard in Bernkastel

A

Doctor

113
Q

Name a vineyard in Piesport

A

Goldtropchen

114
Q

Where might inexpensive Muller-Thurgau wines be planted in Mosel?

A

Piesport

115
Q

What is the largest co-op in Mosel?

A

Moselland (20% of production)

116
Q

What two other rivers run through the Mosel region?

A

1) Saar
2) Ruwer

117
Q

Where are the Saar-Ruwer vineyards planted?

A

South, south-east and south-west aspects in the sheltered side valleys

118
Q

What is the most famous Saar vineyard?

A

Scharzhofberg

119
Q

What is Germany’s most continental region and why?

A

1) Franken
2) Furthest east

120
Q

Franken’s vineyards are planted on the slopes of which river?

A

Main

121
Q

What are the two most-planted varieties in Franken?

A

1) Muller-Thurgau
2) Silvaner

122
Q

When does Silvaner bud and ripen?

A

Early

123
Q

Where are Franken’s best Silvaner sites?

A

South and south-east facing vineyards on chalky soils around Wurzburg

124
Q

Where in Franken might Spatburgunder be found?

A

To the west on steep terraces of Sandstone

125
Q

What is Bocksbeutel?

A

A flat, rounded bottle with a short neck traditional to Franken

126
Q

Name two Franken producers

A

1) Rudolf Furst
2) Horst Sauer

127
Q

What mountain range protect Nahe?

A

Hunsruck - mild temperatures and low rainfall

128
Q

Name two producers of Nahe

A

1) Donnhoff
2) Emrich-Schlonleber

129
Q

Is Nahe cooler in the east or west?

A

West

130
Q

Between which two villages are Nahe’s best vineyards?

A

Schlossbockelheim and Bad Kreuznach

131
Q

What are Nahe’s soils?

A

Slate and sandstone

132
Q

Why might Rheingau wines be fuller and riper than Mosel?

A

The region is protected from cold northerly winds by the western end of the Taunus mountains coupled with south-facing slopes

133
Q

The Rhine is widest in Rheinhau. What two impacts does this have?

A

1) Increases humidity
2) Reduces frost

134
Q

Around which five villages are Rheingau’s best vineyards?

A

1) Rudesheim
2) Geisenheim
3) Johannisberg
4) Hattenheim
5) Erbech

135
Q

What is Rheingau’s dominant style?

A

Dry Riesling but reputed for Botrytis Riesling

136
Q

Where might Spatburgunder be found in Rheinhau? (2)

A

1) West where the river turns north
2) Steep, south and south-west facing Hollenberg vineyard

137
Q

Name two Rheingau wineries

A

1) Schloss Vollrads
2) Schloss Johannisberg

138
Q

Despite being one of Germany’s most northerly regions, Ahr is dominated by Spatburgunder. Why?

A

The Ahr River cuts a steep, sheltered valley with heat retaining dark slate and greywacke

139
Q

What is greywacke?

A

Dark sandstone

140
Q

Based in Ahr, what is thought to be the world’s oldest co-op?

A

Mayschoss

141
Q

Name two Ahr producers

A

1) Winzergenossenschaft Maychoss-Altenahr
2) Jean Stodden

142
Q

What has led to the reduction in number of growers across Germany?

A

Cost of farming vs what consumers will pay

143
Q

Describe the pattern of German export sales

A

Volume halved but value increased 200-300 euros per hL

WSET Diploma D3 - Wines of the World (40 decks)

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