8. Thrombus and Emoblism Flashcards
disseminated intravascular coagulation
widespread coagulation followed by bleeding
emboli
a blood clot which has been carried in the bloodstream to lodge in a vessel or cause an embolism (when it latches somewhere)
embolism
obstruction of an artery, typically by a clot of blood or an air bubble
infarct
a small localised area of dead tissue resulting from failure of blood supply
collateral circulation
circulation in an area of tissue or an organ with a number of different pathway for blood to reach it
aneurysm
an excessive localised swelling of the wall of an artery
ascites
accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity, causing abdominal swelling
atheroscleroiss
a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of fatty material on the inner walls
peripheral vascular disease
narrow of blood vessels that restricts blood flow, mostly occurs in the legs.
clinical settings where patients are at most risk of developing a thrombus (2)
pregnant women, people with cancer
possible fates of a thrombus (4)
- removed by fibrinolysis
- remain in site and blood blood flow through the vessel
- clot becomes organised (angiogenesis and recannalisation)
- emoblise
types of emboli (5)
- thromboemboli
- fat emboli
- cholesterol emboli
- bacterial emboli
- air
paradoxical embolus
blockage of a systemic artery by a thrombus originating in a systemic vein that has passed through a defect in the interatrial or interventricular septum
thrombosis
formation of an abnormal blood clot in a blood vessel
causes of thrombosis (3)
- vascular endothelial injury
- change in blood flow (stasis and turbulence)
- hypercoagulable state (increase in clotting factors or decrease in anti-clotting factors)
