15. Respiratory Diseases: chronic bronchitis Flashcards
productive cough
coughing, sudden, repetitive, clears passageway (3 months for consecutive 2 years)
pulmonary hypertension
increase in BP in the pulmonary artery, vein, or capillaries
cor pulmonale
abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels
respiratory acidosis
reduced gas exchange in the lungs
protease
an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides
antiprotease
inhibits the enzymatic activity of a protease
atopy
immediate allergy –> only minutes after contact
chronic bronchitis
excess production of mucus in airways cause a productive cough
aetiology of chronic bronchitis
constant exposure of the airways to irritants, causing inflammation
pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis (small and large airways)
(small airways)
- hyperplasia of goblet cells, increased secretion of mucus, hyperplasia of smooth muscle, inflammatory reaction
(large airways)
- increase size and number of submucosal glands, increase secretion of mucus, hyperplasia of smooth muscle, inflammatory reaction
complications of chronic bronchitis
- obstruction to airflow, mucus vs. cilia, pulmonary HT, community, nosocomial, respiratory, inflammatory infections
comorbidities of COPD
CV disease, cancer, osteoporosis
aetiology of COPD
lack of O2, ischaemia, lack of exercise, increase inflammation, best rest