15. Respiratory Diseases: chronic bronchitis

Question 1

productive cough

Answer 1

coughing, sudden, repetitive, clears passageway (3 months for consecutive 2 years)

Question 2

pulmonary hypertension

Answer 2

increase in BP in the pulmonary artery, vein, or capillaries

Question 3

cor pulmonale

Answer 3

abnormal enlargement of the right side of the heart as a result of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels

Question 4

respiratory acidosis

Answer 4

reduced gas exchange in the lungs

Question 5

protease

Answer 5

an enzyme that breaks down proteins and peptides

Question 6

antiprotease

Answer 6

inhibits the enzymatic activity of a protease

Question 7

atopy

Answer 7

immediate allergy –> only minutes after contact

Question 8

chronic bronchitis

Answer 8

excess production of mucus in airways cause a productive cough

Question 9

aetiology of chronic bronchitis

Answer 9

constant exposure of the airways to irritants, causing inflammation

Question 10

pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis (small and large airways)

Answer 10

(small airways)
- hyperplasia of goblet cells, increased secretion of mucus, hyperplasia of smooth muscle, inflammatory reaction

(large airways)
- increase size and number of submucosal glands, increase secretion of mucus, hyperplasia of smooth muscle, inflammatory reaction

Question 11

complications of chronic bronchitis

Answer 11

• obstruction to airflow, mucus vs. cilia, pulmonary HT, community, nosocomial, respiratory, inflammatory infections

Question 12

comorbidities of COPD

Answer 12

CV disease, cancer, osteoporosis

Question 13

aetiology of COPD

Answer 13

lack of O2, ischaemia, lack of exercise, increase inflammation, best rest