1. Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Aetiology

A

Cause of a disease

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2
Q

Iatrogenic

A

an illness relating to the cause of medical intervention

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3
Q

idiopathic

A

unknown cause

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4
Q

familial disease

A

a genetic disorder that is passed down from the genome of the parents or as a mutation. can be congenital.

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5
Q

necrosis

A

the death of cells that are related to an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of blood supply

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6
Q

hypertrophy

A

an enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increased size of its cells

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7
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in the size of a tissue/organ due to the decrease in the number/size of the cells

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8
Q

hyperplasia

A

increase in the size of the tissue/organ due to the increase number of cells

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9
Q

multifactorial disease

A

multiple factors contribute to the disease

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10
Q

genetic

A

manifests because of mutation, regardless of environmental influences

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11
Q

acquired diseases

A

caused by environmental factors

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12
Q

congenital

A

present at birth

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13
Q

nosocomial

A

acquired in a hospital setting

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14
Q

pathogenesis

A

development of a disease

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15
Q

complications

A

how the disease affects the body

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16
Q

morphology

A

what does the tissue look like

17
Q

types of morphology (3)

A
  1. gross morphology - visible to the naked eye
  2. histopathology - cells and tissues
  3. ultrastructure - subcellular structures
18
Q

metaplasia

A

a change of one type of cell for another

19
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

20
Q

types of necrosis (6)

A
  1. coagulative
  2. liquefactive
  3. caseous
  4. gangrenous
  5. fat
  6. fibronoid
21
Q

coagulative necrosis

A

common in tissues after ichaemic injury

22
Q

liquefactive necrosis

A

tissue is broken down into a liquid mass, usually caused by WBCs (usually occurs in the brain)

23
Q

caseous necrosis

A

“cheese like”, found mostly in TB

24
Q

gangrenous necrosis

A

type of coagulative necrosis, usually seen in the lower limb/bowel following a loss of blood supply

25
fat necrosis
necrosis of fat caused by trauma or enzymatic destruction of fat cells
26
fibrinoid necrosis
usually seen in immune reactions in blood vessel walls, it is an accumulation of antibodies, antigens and fibrin
27
types of tissue calcification (5)
1. dystrophic calcification (dead tissue) 2. metastatic calcification (normal tissue caused by hypercalcaemia) 3. calcinosis 4. chondrocalcinosis 5. synovial chondromatosis
28
deficiency or disease related to VITAMIN C
scurvy
29
deficiency or disease related to VITAMIN D
rickets (osteomalacia)
30
deficiency or disease related to IODINE
hyperthyroidism
31
deficiency or disease related to IRON
anaemia