1. Introduction Flashcards
Aetiology
Cause of a disease
Iatrogenic
an illness relating to the cause of medical intervention
idiopathic
unknown cause
familial disease
a genetic disorder that is passed down from the genome of the parents or as a mutation. can be congenital.
necrosis
the death of cells that are related to an organ or tissue due to disease, injury or failure of blood supply
hypertrophy
an enlargement of an organ or tissue due to the increased size of its cells
atrophy
decrease in the size of a tissue/organ due to the decrease in the number/size of the cells
hyperplasia
increase in the size of the tissue/organ due to the increase number of cells
multifactorial disease
multiple factors contribute to the disease
genetic
manifests because of mutation, regardless of environmental influences
acquired diseases
caused by environmental factors
congenital
present at birth
nosocomial
acquired in a hospital setting
pathogenesis
development of a disease
complications
how the disease affects the body
morphology
what does the tissue look like
types of morphology (3)
- gross morphology - visible to the naked eye
- histopathology - cells and tissues
- ultrastructure - subcellular structures
metaplasia
a change of one type of cell for another
apoptosis
programmed cell death
types of necrosis (6)
- coagulative
- liquefactive
- caseous
- gangrenous
- fat
- fibronoid
coagulative necrosis
common in tissues after ichaemic injury
liquefactive necrosis
tissue is broken down into a liquid mass, usually caused by WBCs (usually occurs in the brain)
caseous necrosis
“cheese like”, found mostly in TB
gangrenous necrosis
type of coagulative necrosis, usually seen in the lower limb/bowel following a loss of blood supply
fat necrosis
necrosis of fat caused by trauma or enzymatic destruction of fat cells
fibrinoid necrosis
usually seen in immune reactions in blood vessel walls, it is an accumulation of antibodies, antigens and fibrin
types of tissue calcification (5)
- dystrophic calcification (dead tissue)
- metastatic calcification (normal tissue caused by hypercalcaemia)
- calcinosis
- chondrocalcinosis
- synovial chondromatosis
deficiency or disease related to VITAMIN C
scurvy
deficiency or disease related to VITAMIN D
rickets (osteomalacia)
deficiency or disease related to IODINE
hyperthyroidism
deficiency or disease related to IRON
anaemia
