11. Heart Disease

Question 1

peripheral vascular disease

Answer 1

narrowing of blood vessels thar restricts blood flow. most occurs in legs

Question 2

coronary vasospasm

Answer 2

constriction, decreased blood flow, therefore coronary circulation is worsened –> a type of heart attack

Question 3

angina

Answer 3

pain or discomfort caused by insufficient blood supply (ischaemia) to heart muscle

Question 4

myocardial infarct

Answer 4

obstruction and necrosis in circulation to a region of the heart

Question 5

sudden cardiac death

Answer 5

unexpected death due to heart problems (occurs within 1 hour)

Question 6

cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

when the heart is squeezed by fluid that collects inside the sac that surrounds it

Question 7

ventricular aneurysm

Answer 7

complication of heart attack –> section of a blood vessel balloons

Question 8

cardiac failure

Answer 8

heart cannot pump blood anymore

Question 9

congestive heart failure

Answer 9

heart is congested (veno capillary congestion, HT and oedema) therefore decrease in cardiac output

Question 10

aneurysms

Answer 10

localised sac dilation on a wall. artery vein or heart

Question 11

tachycardia

Answer 11

fast heart rate

Question 12

ventricular fibrillation

Answer 12

rapid, uncoordinated, ineffective series of contractions throughout the lower chambers of the heart.

Question 13

endocarditiis

Answer 13

inflammation of the inner linings of the heart muscle

Question 14

Ischaemic heart disease - aetiology

Answer 14

atherosclerosis, thrombosis

Question 15

clinical effects of ischaemic heart disease (4)

Answer 15

1. angina (chest pain)
2. myocardial infarct
3. sudden cardiac death
4. chronic ischaemic heart disease

Question 16

stable angina

Answer 16

predictable, brought on by exercise

Question 17

unstable angina

Answer 17

unpredictable, increases in frequency

Question 18

left heart failure

Answer 18

LV hypertrophy followed by dilation

decrease in cardiac output, congestion, pulmonary oedema

Question 19

right heart failure

Answer 19

RV hypertrophy, oedema in the legs, caused by pulmonary HT, ischaemic heart disease, valve disease

Question 20

unchangeable risk factors for CV disease

Answer 20

age, gender (males), genetic factors

Question 21

modifiable risk factors for CV disease

Answer 21

HT, high blood cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, stress, obesity, physical activity

Question 22

aetiology of aneurysm (4)

Answer 22

1. HT
2. congenital
3. atherosclerosis
4. trauma

Question 23

complication of aneurysms (4)

Answer 23

1. blood clots
2. nerve compression
3. impaired circulation
4. water on brain

Question 24

White coat HT

Answer 24

usually: normal

at doctors: high

Question 25

masked HT

Answer 25

usually: high

at doctors: normal