20. Osteoporosis

Question 1

cortical/compact bone

Answer 1

outside of all long bones, not much remodeling

Question 2

trabecular/cancellous/spongy bone

Answer 2

at the end of long bones, lots of remodeling, Ca and P come from here

Question 3

osteoblasts

Answer 3

form bone (collagen and mineral) smaller than osteoclasts

Question 4

osteoclasts

Answer 4

multinucleated, bone resorption/degradation done by enzymes

Question 5

osteoporosis

Answer 5

too high bone density, bone is thicker but more brittle so tends to break easily

Question 6

osteopenia and osteoporosis

Answer 6

decrease in bone tissue, usually decreased formation and increased resorption

Question 7

causes of osteopenia and osteoporosis (5)

Answer 7

prolonged immobilization, decrease in muscle mass, increased corticosteroid use, age, gender

Question 8

wolf’s law

Answer 8

when you put stress on bone, you form bone. where you don’t have stress you resorb it or break it down

Question 9

bone remodeling before menopause

Answer 9

regulate the amount of cytokines that osteoblasts release. they act on osteoclasts and regulate their activity. without oestrogen, osteoblasts release more cytokines and then we get more bone resorption.

Question 10

post menopausal osteoporosis

Answer 10

genetics, oestrogen deficiency. decrease in oestrogen = increase bone resorption.

Question 11

risk factors for post menopausal osteoporosis

Answer 11

low Ca intake, low vitamin D formation, low weight bearing exercise, excess alcohol and smoking, underweight (overweight protects from osteoporosis), low peak bone mass

Question 12

clinical issues of osteoporosis

Answer 12

back pain, decrease in height, dorsal kyphosis, fractures