10. Hypertension

Question 1

hypertension

Answer 1

persistent increase in blood pressure

Question 2

where is hypertension measured?

Answer 2

brachial artery

Question 3

normal HT

Answer 3

130/85 (systolic/diastolic)

Question 4

benign severity

Answer 4

stable, moderate increased in bp, not rapid increase in bp, not immediately life threatening but still causes injury to blood vessels

Question 5

malignant severity

Answer 5

accelerated, very high bp, life threatening in the short term

Question 6

primary hypertension

Answer 6

idiopathic (90-95%)

Question 7

secondary hypertension

Answer 7

caused by an underlying disorder (5-10%)

Question 8

renal hypertension, what happens?

Answer 8

decrease in renal blood flow, kidney releases renin, converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I, activated into angiotensin II (by ACE), widespread vasoconstriction of arterioles, leading to increase in peripheral resistance and an increase in arterial bp.
increase release of aldosterone, increase in renal sodium retention, leading to an increase in stroke voume and ultimately an increase in blood pressure

Question 9

explain the vicious cycle

Answer 9

HT –> renal disease –> reduced renal blood flow –> secretion of renin, angiotensin –> HT REPEAT