19. GI pathology

Question 1

peptic ulcer

Answer 1

ulceration of a mucous membrane of the esophagus, stomach, duodenum due to the action of the acid gastric juice

Question 2

malignant peptic ulcer

Answer 2

untreated chronic gastric ulcer – erosion in the lining of the stomach/duodenum

Question 3

aetiology of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease

Answer 3

helicobacter pylori (main)
stress, NSAIDs, smoking, alcohol

Question 4

duodenal ulcer

Answer 4

usually solitary/singular ulcer

Question 5

aetiology of duodenal ulcer (2)

Answer 5

1. increased acid and pepsin

2 rapid gastric emptying

Question 6

gastric ulcer

Answer 6

antral region of the stomach (doesn’t usually secrete acid)

Question 7

aetiology of gastric ulcer (2)

Answer 7

1. low normal acid, decreased mucus

2. chronic gastritis leads to scarring, sphincter incompetence and bile reflux

Question 8

complications of peptic ulcers

Answer 8

pain, haemorrhage, stricture formation

Question 9

epidemiology of chronic gastritis

Answer 9

males, around 40

Question 10

epidermiology of gastric carcinoma

Answer 10

males

Question 11

aetiology of gastric carcinoma

Answer 11

helicobacter pylori (NOT DIET RELATED)

Question 12

epidemiology crohn’s disease

Answer 12

female, 20s

Question 13

aetiology of crohn’s disease

Answer 13

idiopathic

Question 14

location of crohn’s disease

Answer 14

small and large bowel, usually found in small bowel only

Question 15

characteristics of crohn’s disease

Answer 15

skip lesions, granulomas, cobblestone appearance

Question 16

epidemiology of ulcerative colitis

Answer 16

female 20s

Question 17

aetiology of ulcerative colitis

Answer 17

idiopathic

Question 18

characteristics of ulcerative colitis

Answer 18

pseudopolyps

Question 19

hyperplastic polyps

Answer 19

most common, usually small (not true neoplasia)

Question 20

adenomatous polyps (3)

Answer 20

1. tubular (mushroom appearance)
2. villous (least common, a lot of malignant risks EXAM QUESTION)
3. tubulovillous

Question 21

aetiology of carcinoma

Answer 21

diet, genetics