7. Fluid and Haemostasis

Question 1

ischaemia

Answer 1

temporary reduction in blood flow causing reversible injury to tissue

Question 2

infarction

Answer 2

permanent injury to tissue from obstruction to blood flow

Question 3

clinical effects of destruction depend on (5)

Answer 3

extent, duration, rate, presence of collateral circulation and development of angiogenesis, type of tissue (reserve/regenerative capacity)

Question 4

oedema

Answer 4

an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues or body cavities

Question 5

oedema is caused by (4)

Answer 5

1 increased hydrostatic pressure
2 decreased oncotic/osmotic pressure
3 lymphatic obstruction
4 liver or renal disorders

Question 6

haemorrhage

Answer 6

loss of blood from a blood vessel

Question 7

haematoma

Answer 7

blood accumulation in a tissue

Question 8

aetiology of a haemorrhage (5)

Answer 8

1. trauma
2. thrombocytopaenia (low platelet count)
3. vitamin C deficiency
4. weakened blood vessels
5. lack of clotting factors