17. Respiratory Diseases: asthma and pneumoconiosis

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

increased hyper responsiveness of airways to stimuli –> inflammation –> increased mucus, bronchoconstriction

Question 2

aetiology of asthma

Answer 2

70% atopic – allergens
30% non-atopic – cigg. smoke, exercise, cold air, viruses, aspirin etc
hereditary disposition –> produce IgE aBs – hypersensitivity reaction

Question 3

type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 3

1. stimulus (allergen) enters airway
2. binds to IgE antibody on mast cell
3. mast cells releases chemicals
4. chemical mediators cause increased mucus secretion, increase permeability, smooth muscle contraction, influx of WBCs, WBCs release chemical mediators

Question 4

asthma airway remodelling (6)

Answer 4

goblet cell metaplasia, thicker basement membrane, collagen deposition in submucosa, muscle hyperplasia, fibrosis, mucus cell metaplasia

Question 5

pneumoconiosis

Answer 5

inhalation of minerals/organic dust – chronic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis

Question 6

what is the normal defense of pneumoconiosis

Answer 6

cough or alveolar macrophages will destroy them

Question 7

what is the type of disease?

silicia

Answer 7

silicosis

Question 8

what is the type of disease?

coal dust

Answer 8

anthracosis

Question 9

what is the type of disease?

asbestos

Answer 9

asbestosis

Question 10

what is the type of disease?

iron

Answer 10

siderosis

Question 11

what is the type of disease?

talc

Answer 11

talc pneuconiosis

Question 12

what is the type of disease?

berryllium

Answer 12

berylliosis

Question 13

complications of pneumoconiosis

Answer 13

dyspnoea, infections, pulmonary HT, right heart failure, cancer