18. Diabetes Mellitus

Question 1

diabetes mellitus

Answer 1

excessive, sweet-tasting urination

Question 2

primary diabetes mellitus

Answer 2

present from birth

Question 3

secondary diabetes mellitus

Answer 3

result of disease/trauma

Question 4

IDDM

Answer 4

insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

autoimmune destruction of insulin producing b cells in the pancreas

Question 5

NIDDM

Answer 5

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

insulin resistance, failure to use it properly

Question 6

polydipsia

Answer 6

excessive thirst

Question 7

microangiopathy

Answer 7

diseases affecting the small blood vessels in the body

Question 8

ketoacidosis

Answer 8

accumulation of ketone bodies –chemical balance of the body is too acidic, insulin deficiency (caused by increased fat breakdown)

Question 9

diagnosis of diabetes (3)

Answer 9

1. random fasting glucose
2. fasting glucose
3. abnormal oral glucose tolerance test

Question 10

basement memebrane thickening

Answer 10

leads to microangiopathy
– acts as a sieve, but during hyperglycaemia it becomes leaky to plasma proteins
can leak out into the urine – generalised oedema