8. Inguinal Region and Scrotum

Question 1

What does the inguinal canal carry in males?

Answer 1

Spermatic cord

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 2

What does the inguinal canal carry in females?

Answer 2

Round ligament of uterus

Ilioinguinal nerve

Question 3

What is the function of the inguinal canal?

Answer 3

Provide a passage for abdominal contents to exit the abdomen

Question 4

Where is the superficial ring found? (i.e. in which layer and describe the anatomical location)

Answer 4

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Anterior and lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 5

What do the margins (crura) of the superficial ring form?

Answer 5

External spermatic fascia

Question 6

Where is the deep ring found? (i.e. in which layer and describe the anatomical location)

Answer 6

Transversalis fascia

Anterior to midpoint of inguinal ligament (i.e. halfway between ASIS and pubic symphysis)

Question 7

Which vessels are medial to the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 7

Inferior epigastric vessels

Question 8

What fascia does the deep inguinal ring form?

Answer 8

Internal spermatic/ round ligament fascia

Question 9

What are the borders of the inguinal canal?

Answer 9

Roof - internal oblique and transverse abdominis
Anterior - aponeurosis of external oblique plus internal oblique in lateral third
Floor - external oblique and lacunar ligament
Posterior - transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon

Question 10

What is the conjoint tendon?

Answer 10

Where the internal oblique and transversus abdominis insert to the pubic crest and pectineal line

Question 11

What makes up the inguinal ligament?

Answer 11

Aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 12

Where does the lacunar ligament begin?

Answer 12

Medial end of inguinal ligament

Question 13

What makes up the pectineal ligament?

Answer 13

When the lacunar ligament joins the periosteum of the pectineal line

Question 14

What is the difference between a direct and indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 14

Direct - through defect in posterior wall of canal

Indirect - due to congenital defect in deep inguinal ring

Question 15

Where does a femoral hernia occur?

Answer 15

Through femoral canal in femoral sheath

Question 16

What are the 3 layers of fascia in the spermatic cord?

Answer 16

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremasteric fascia
External spermatic fascia

Question 17

What does the spermatic cord contain? (think of 8 things)

Answer 17

Piles Don’t Contribute To A Good Sex Life

Pampiniform plexus
Ductus deferens
Cremasteric artery
Testicular artery
Artery to ductus deferens
Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
Sympathetic fibres
Lymphatics

Question 18

What is the function of vas deferens?

Answer 18

Transport spermatozoa from epipdidymis to urethra

Question 19

At what level does the testicular artery branch from the aorta?

Answer 19

L2

Question 20

Where does lymph from the testes drain?

Answer 20

Para-aortic nodes

Question 21

Which nerves supplies the cremasteric muscle?

Answer 21

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Question 22

Where does the artery of vas deferens branch from?

Answer 22

Inferior vesical

Question 23

Where does the cremasteric artery branch from?

Answer 23

Inferior epigastric

Question 24

What is the processus vaginalis?

Answer 24

Peritoneal diverticulum that precedes the testes in their descent during development

Question 25

What is the function of the epididymis?

Answer 25

Store sperm (becomes vas deferens)

Question 26

Describe the movement of fluid from seminal vesicle lobule of testes to the epididymis

Answer 26

Seminal vesicle lobule
Seminiferous tubule
Rete testes
Efferent ductules
Epididymis

Question 27

What fascia makes up the internal spermatic fasica?

Answer 27

Transversalis fasca

Question 28

What fascia makes up the external spermatic fascia?

Answer 28

Colles fascia