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Anatomy > 5. Anterior and Middle Mediastinum > Flashcards

5. Anterior and Middle Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

What are the borders of the anterior mediastinum?

A

Superior - transverse thoracic plane
Anterior - body of sternum
Posterior - pericardium
Inferior - diaphragm

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2
Q

What does the fibrous pericardium blend with superiorly and inferiorly?

A

Superior - tunica adventitia of great vessels

Inferior - central tendon of diaphragm

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3
Q

What are the two layers of serous pericardium?

A 
Parietal pericardium
Visceral pericardium (epicardium)
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4
Q

What are the 3 layers of the heart?

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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5
Q

What are the 2 pericardial sinuses?

A

Transverse pericardial sinus

Oblique pericardial sinus

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6
Q

MAKE SURE YOU CAN LABEL/ IDENTIFY VESSELS AND AREAS OF THE HEART

A

LOOK AT DIAGRAMS

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7
Q

What is the ligamentum arteriosum ?

A

Fibrous remnant of ductus arteriosus - communication between aorta and pulmonary trunk in foetal life

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8
Q

What are the branches of the R coronary artery?

A

SA nodal
AV nodal
R marginal
Posterior interventricular

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9
Q

What are the branches of the L coronary artery?

A

Circumflex - L marginal, SA nodal and posterior interventricular

Anterior interventricular - diagonal artery

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10
Q

Where do the cardiac veins drain?

A

To coronary sinus

EXCEPT

anterior cardiac veins - empty straight into R atrium

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11
Q

What artery does the great cardiac vein run alongside?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

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12
Q

What artery does the middle cardiac vein run alongside?

A

Posterior interventricular artery

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13
Q

What artery does the small cardiac vein run alongside?

A

Right marginal artery

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14
Q

What is the name given to muscular ridges in the atria/ auricles?

A

Musculi pectinati

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15
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Foramen ovale remnant

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16
Q

What is the name given to the muscular ridges in the ventricular walls?

A

Trabeculae carneae

17
Q

What are the 2 semi-lunar valves?

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

18
Q

What are the 2 cuspid valves?

A

Tricuspid

Mitral (bicuspid valve)

19
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve found?

A

Between R atrium and R ventricle

20
Q

Where is the mitral valve found?

A

L atrium and L ventricle

21
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve found?

A

Between R ventricle and pulmonary trunk

22
Q

Where is the aortic valve found?

A

Between L ventricle and ascending aorta

23
Q

Do semi-lunar valves close in high or low pressure?

A

Low pressure - beginning of diastole (ventricular relaxation)

24
Q

Do cuspid valves close in high or low pressure?

A

High pressure - during systole (ventricular contraction)

Anatomy (49 decks)

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