3. Thoracic Wall

Question 1

What are the borders of the superior thoracic aperature?

Answer 1

Body T1
1st pair ribs
Costal cartilages
Superior border manubrium

Question 2

What are the borders of the inferior thoracic aperature?

Answer 2

Body T12
11th, 12th pairs of ribs
Costal cartilages of ribs 7 - 10
Xiphisternal joint

Question 3

What are the 3 different types of ribs?

Answer 3

True - 1 - 7
False - 8 - 10
Floating - 11 - 12

Question 4

What are the 2 different classifications of ribs?

Answer 4

Typical - 3 - 9

Atypical - 1, 2, 10, 11, 12

Question 5

What type of joint is the zygapophysial joint? (between the articular facets)

Answer 5

Synovial plane

Question 6

What type of joint is the IV disc?

Answer 6

Secondary cartilagenous (symphysis)

Question 7

What type of joints are the sternocostal joints? (from rib to sternum)

Answer 7

Rib 1 to sternum - primary cartilagenous (synchondrosis)

Ribs 2 - 7 - synovial plane joints

Question 8

What type of joints are the interchondral joints? (between ribs)

Answer 8

6 - 9 - synovial plane

9 - 10 - fibrous

Question 9

Describe the respiratory movements of ribs 1 - 6

Answer 9

Pump handle

Up and out

Question 10

Describe the respiratory movements of ribs 7 - 12

Answer 10

Bucket handle

Most movement laterally

Question 11

Innervation of pectoralis major?

Answer 11

Medial C8, T1

Lateral C5 - C7

Question 12

Innervation of pectoralis minor?

Answer 12

Medial pectoral nerve C8, T1

Question 13

Innervation of serratus anterior?

Answer 13

Long thoracic nerve C5 - C7

Question 14

Attachments of serratus anterior?

Answer 14

Ribs 1-8/9 to costal aspect of medial margin of scapula (comes around the sides)

Question 15

What are the 3 different scalene muscles?

Answer 15

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

Question 16

What are the different tuberosities and grooves on the 1st rib?

Answer 16

Grooves for subclavian artery and vein

Scalene tubercle for anterior scalene

Question 17

What is the tuberosity on the 2nd rib?

Answer 17

For serratus anterior attachment

Question 18

How can you differentiate between a subcostal muscle and the innermost intercostals?

Answer 18

Subcostal spans 1 or 2 intercostal spaces (innermost intercostal only spans 1)

Question 19

What runs in the intercostal space?

Answer 19

Neurovascular bundle (in the costal groove)

Question 20

Where does transverse thoracis attach?

Answer 20

Sides of sternum to costal cartilages 2 - 6

Question 21

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries branch from?

Answer 21

1 + 2 - supreme intercostal artery (branch of costocervical trunk from subclavian artery)
3 - 11 and 12 - thoracic aorta

Question 22

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries branch from?

Answer 22

1 - 6 - internal thoracic

7 - 9 - musculophrenic branch of internal thoracic

Question 23

Where do the anterior intercostal veins drain to?

Answer 23

Internal thoracic vein

Question 24

Where do the posterior intercostal veins drain to?

Answer 24

Azygos/ hemiazygos venous system

look at superior and posterior flashcards for more on this

Question 25

What is the arterial supply of the breast?

Answer 25

Lateral mammary branches of lateral thoracic

Medial mammary branches from internal thoracic

Question 26

What is the venous drainage of the breast?

Answer 26

Medial and lateral mammary veins

Question 27

Where does lymph from the breast drain?

Answer 27

Mostly to axillary nodes

Some to parasternal nodes