7. Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards
Describe the layers of the abdominal wall from superficial to deep
Skin Superficial fascia Muscle and associated deep fascia Extraperitoneal fascia Parietal peritoneum
Describe the fascia below the umbilicus
Camper’s fascia
Scarpa’s fascia
Describe the composition and location of camper’s fascia
Superficial
Fatty
Describe the composition and location of scarpa’s fascia
Deep
Membranous
What does camper’s fascia become in males?
Dartos fascia of scrotum
What does scarpa’s fascia become in females?
Fascia of labia majora
Where does scarpa’s fascia attach?
Umbilicus
Pubic symphysis
Linea alba
What does scarpa’s fascia become further down the body?
Fascia lata (thigh) Colles' fascia (in males)
Attachment of external oblique?
Ribs 5-12
Iliac crest
Linea alba
Function of external oblique?
Flex trunk using both
Lateral flexion using one
Innervation of external oblique?
Anterior rami T7-T12
What is the linea semi-lunaris?
Where external oblique muscle turns to aponeurosis
What is the linea alba?
Broad tendon/ aponeurosis from xiphoid process to public symphysis
Attachments of internal oblique?
Inguinal ligament
Iliac crest
Thoracolumnar fascia
Ribs 9 - 12
Function of internal oblique?
Both flex trunk
One side - lateral flexion
Innervation of internal oblique?
Anterior rami T7 - T12 and L1
Attachments of transversus abdominis?
Inguinal ligament Costal cartilages 7 - 12 Iliac crest Thoracolumbar fasica Conjoint tendon Xiphoid process Linea alba Pubic crest
Innervation of transversus abdominis?
Anterior rami T7 - L1
Attachments of rectus abdominis?
Pubic tubercle Pubic crest Pubic symphysis Xiphoid process Costal cartilages ribs 5 -7
Function of rectus abdominis?
Flexion of trunk
Support/ compression of abdominal wall for urination/ coughing etc
Innervation of rectus abdominis?
Anterior rami T7 - T12
Function of pyramidalis?
Tenses linea alba
Small muscle, often absent - not very important
Innervation of pyramidalis?
Subcostal nerve - T12
What does the arcuate line signify in terms of the position of the rectus abdominis?
Below arcuate line -
No longer a posterior sheath
All aponeuoses lie anterior
Rectus abdominis comes into direct contact with transversalis fascia
What are the 3 folds found on the posterior surface of the anterior abdominal wall?
Median umbilical ligament
Medial umbilical ligament
Lateral umbilical ligament
What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of?
Urachus
What is the medial umbilical ligament a remnant of?
Umbilical artery
What vessels does the lateral umbilical ligament contain?
Inferior epigastric
What is the superficial lymphatic drainage of the abdomen?
Anterior and posterior axillary
Superficial inguinal
What is the deep lymphatic drainage of the abdomen?
Via internal thoracic artery to parasternal nodes
Via abdominal aorta to lumbar nodes
Via external iliac artery to external iliac nodes
What are the superficial arteries of the abdominal wall?
Musculophrenic (branch of internal thoracic) Superficial epigastric (branch of femoral) Superficial circumflex iliac (branch of femoral)
What are the superficial nerves of the abdominal wall?
Lateral cutaneous branches 6-12 intercostal nerves
Anterior cutaneous branches of 6-12 intercostal nerves
Iliohypogastric nerve
What are the deep arteries of the abdominal wall?
Superior epigastric Inferior epigastric Intercostal Lumbar Deep circumflex iliac
What are the superficial veins of the abdominal wall?
Thoracoepigastric
Superficial epigastric
What are the deep nerves of the abdomen?
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal
