43. The Brain Flashcards
Which arteries are found in the longitudinal fissue?
Anterior cerebral
Which artery is found in the lateral fissue?
Middle cerebral
Where are the pre-central and post-central gyri found in relation to the central sulcus?
Pre - anterior
Post - posterior
How are Broca’s and Wernecke’s areas related to speech?
Broca - motor (i.e. making speech)
Wernecke’s - recognition
What is the corpus callosum?
White matter tract
Connects cerebral hemispheres
Make sure you can label/ identify basal ganglia
Slide 8
Actions of basal ganglia?
Regulate initiation and termination of body movements
Memory, planning, emotional response (via limbic system)
What makes up the lentiform nucleus?
Globus palladus
Putamen
What makes up the diencephalon?
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Pineal gland
Functions of thalamus?
Sensory relay
Motor pathways
Functions of hypothalamus?
Regulate ANS
Homeostasis
Produce hormones
Functions of pineal gland?
Produce melatonin
Olfaction and emotional response connection
Which cranial nerves originate in the midbrain?
CN III
IV
What are the functions of the colliculi?
Sup - visual tracking/ scanning
Inf - auditory startle reflex
Function of substantia nigra?
Control sub-conscious muscle action
Function of red nuclei?
Co-ordinate muscle movement
Function of pontine nuclei?
Voluntary motor output
Pneumotaxic tract - breathing
Which CN originate in pons?
V, VI, VII, vestibular part of VIII
Function of medulla?
Pyramids - motor tracts Cardiovascular Breathing centres Touch/ pressure/ vibration Olives - proprioception
Which CN originate in medulla?
IX, X, XI, XII, cochlear part of VIII
Function of cerebellum?
Skeletal movement, co-ordinates complex sequences
Regulate posture and balance
What does the pituitary gland release?
GH
FSH
LH
Where does the pituitary gland sit in the cranium?
Sella turcica (pituitary fossa)
Make sure you can label/ draw circle of willis
Slide 15
What lobes do the middle cerebral arteries supply?
Temporal
What lobes do the anterior cerebral arteries supply?
Frontal
Parietal
What lobes do the posterior cerebral arteries supply?
Occipital
also base of brain
From which artery do the vertebral arteries arise?
Subclavian
What are the branches of the basilar arteries (before joining to posterior cerebral) ?
Cerebellar
Pontine
Medullary
What are the 3 meningeal layers?
Pia
Arachnoid
Dura
What is the blood supply to the meninges?
Anterior, middle and posterior meningeal arteries
What artery does the anterior meningeal artery branch from?
Ethmoid from internal carotid
What artery does the middle meningeal artery branch from?
Maxillary artery (via foramen spinosum) from external carotid
What artery does the posterior meningeal artery branch from?
Occipital from external carotid
Where do the dural venous sinuses drain to?
internal jugular
Name the dural venous sinuses (8)
Superior sagittal Inferior sagittal Straight Confluence Cavernous Sigmoid Superior petrosal Transverse
What are the 4 ventricles of the brain?
Lateral ventricle (1 in both sides)
3rd
4th
Where is CSF produced?
In choroid plexus in the ventricles
How is CSF made?
Ependymal cells filter blood plasma
Where/ how is CSF recycled?
Through arachnoid villi (granulations)
Back into dural venous sinuses
