37. Anterior triangle of the neck

Question 1

Which muscle divides the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck?

Answer 1

Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

Question 2

Anterior border of the anterior triangle?

Answer 2

Imaginary - on the midline of neck

Question 3

Posterior border of the anterior triangle?

Answer 3

Anterior border of SCM

Question 4

Base of the anterior triangle?

Answer 4

Mandible

Question 5

What are the 4 divisions within the anterior triangle?

Answer 5

Submental
Submandibular
Carotid
Muscular

Question 6

Which vein is found within the submental division of the anterior triangle?

Answer 6

The beginning of the anterior jugular vein

Question 7

Name the:
Gland
Artery
Vein 
Sheath 
Nerve
Found within the submandibular division of the anterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 7

Submandibular salivary gland
Facial artery
Facial vein
Carotid sheath
Hypoglossal nerve

Question 8

Name the:
Sheath
Artery 
Vein
Nerves
Found within the carotid division of the anterior triangle of the neck.

Answer 8

Carotid sheath
Branches of ECA
IJV
Hypoglossal nerve
Accessory nerve
Vagus nerve

Question 9

Which 2 muscles are found within the muscular division of the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 9

Sternohyoid

Sternothryoid

Question 10

Name the 4 layers of deep cervical fascia within the anterior triangle of the neck (from sup to deep)

Answer 10

1. Investing layer
2. Pretracheal layer
3. Prevertebral layer
4. Alar fascia and carotid sheath

Question 11

Attachments of platysma?

Answer 11

Fascia above pec major and clavicle

To lateral neck and mandible

Question 12

Innervation of platysma?

Answer 12

Facial nerve CNVII

Question 13

Name the 2 veins found within the anterior triangle

Answer 13

Anterior jugular

Internal jugular

Question 14

Spinal nerve roots of cervical plexus?

Answer 14

Anterior rami C1- C4

Question 15

What types of nerve fibres are the cervical plexus nerves?

Answer 15

Somatic motor
Sensory
Sympathetic

Question 16

Within which layer of fasica is the cervical plexus found?

Answer 16

Prevertebral

Question 17

What are the motor branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 17

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5)
Nerves to gleniohyoid and thyrohyoid (C1, travel with hypoglossal)
Ansa cervicalis (C1, C2, C3)

Question 18

What are the sensory branches of the cervical plexus?

Answer 18

Greater auricular (C2, C3)
Transverse cervical (C2, C3)
Lesser occipital (C2) 
Supraclavicular (C3, C4)

Question 19

Name the suprahyoid muscles (4)

Answer 19

Stylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid

Question 20

Action of suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 20

Raise hyoid bone or depress mandible

Question 21

Innervation of suprahyoid muscles?

Answer 21

CNVII - post belly digastric and stylohyoid

CNV3 - ant belly digastric and mylohyoid

C1 via CNXII - geniohyoid

Question 22

Name the infrahyoid muscles? (4)

Answer 22

Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

Question 23

Action of infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 23

Depress hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

Question 24

Innervation of infrahyoid muscles?

Answer 24

Ansa cervicalis

Thyrohyoid - C1 via CNXII

Question 25

From which arteries to the right and left common carotid branch?

Answer 25

LCA - arch of aorta RCA - bracheocephalic trunk

Question 26

What runs within the carotid sheath?

Answer 26

Common carotid/ Internal carotid IJV Vagus nerve

Question 27

Which 3 branches of the external carotid artery are found in the anterior triangle of the neck?

Answer 27

Sup thyroid Lingual Facial

Question 28

What are the branches of the subclavian artery?? Very Indignant Tired Individuals Sip Strong Coffee Served Double Daily

Answer 28

V - vertebral artery I - internal thoracic T- thyrocervical trunk (I - inferior thryoid, S- superficial cervical, S- suprascapular) C - costocervical (branches: S - superior intercostal, D- deep cervical) D - Dorsal scapular

Question 29

Innervation of larynx?

Answer 29

Recurrent laryngeal branches of vagus

Question 30

Describe the course of the recurrent laryngeal nerves

Answer 30

R - around subclavian artery L - around arch of aorta

Question 31

Is vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic to thorax and abdo?

Answer 31

Parasympathetic

Question 32

Is thyroid gland endocrine or exocrine?

Answer 32

Endocrine

Question 33

What are the 2 lobes of the thyroid?

Answer 33

Isthmus | Capsul

Question 34

Where does the thryoid gland extend to and from?

Answer 34

Lamina of thyroid cartilage | To 6th tracheal ring

Question 35

Arterial supply of thyroid? Where do these arteries branch from?

Answer 35

``` Superior thryoid (first anterior branch of ECA) Inferior thryoid (branch of thyrocervical trunk of subclavian) ```

Question 36

Venous drainage of thyroid?

Answer 36

Superior thyroid Middle thyroid Inferior thyroid

Question 37

Into which vein do the R and L inferior thyroid veins drain?

Answer 37

Left bracheocephalic then IJV

Question 38

Innervation of submandibular salivary gland?

Answer 38

CNVII