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Anatomy > 15. Vertebral Column and Muscles of the Back > Flashcards

15. Vertebral Column and Muscles of the Back Flashcards

1
Q

Name some functions of the vertebral column (5)

A
  1. Muscle attachment
  2. Mobility
    3, Protection
  3. Weight transfer
  4. Haematopoiesis
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2
Q

What are the primary and secondary curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Primary - flexed foetal position

Secondary - extension

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3
Q

What are the regions of the vertebral column? How many vertebrae are in each region?

A 
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccyx - 4
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4
Q

What are the 4 principal curvatures of the vertebral column?

A

Cervical lordosis
Thoracic kyphosis
Lumbar lordosis
Sacral kyphosis

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5
Q

Which 2 bony features create the vertebral arch?

A

Pedicle and lamina

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6
Q

What are the 7 bony processes on a vertebra?

A

1x spinous process
2x transverse process
4x articular process

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7
Q

Describe some features unique to C1 (atlas)

A

No body
No spinous processes
Anterior and posterior arches, each with a tubercle

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8
Q

What articulates with the superior articular surfaces of the C1 vertebra?

A

Occipital condyles

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9
Q

Describe some features unique to C2 (axis)

A

Dens/ odontoid process (essentially the ‘missing’ body of C1)

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10
Q

Where on a cervical vertebra (C3-C7) is the uncinate process found?

A

Body of vertebra

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11
Q

What structures pass through the foramen transversarium of C3-C7 vertebrae?

A

Vertebral artery

Vertebral vein

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12
Q

Describe the spinous process of a C3-C7 vertebra

A

Bifid spine

Splits in 2

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13
Q

What structure articulates with the costal facets of the thoracic vertebra?

A

Ribs

Transverse costal facet - tubercle of rib
Inferior and superior costal facets - head of rib

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14
Q

Describe the spinous process of a T1-T12 vertebra

A

Long and sloping

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15
Q

Describe some features unique to the lumbar vertebrae

A

Huge body
Accessory process on the transverse processes
Mammillary processes on each superior articular process

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16
Q

What are the 3 crests found on the sacrum?

A

Median (=spinous processes)
Intermediate (=articular processes)
Lateral (=transverse processes)

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17
Q

What are the coccygeal cornu?

A

Bony projections that articulate with the sacrum

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18
Q

What type of joint is the IV disc?

A

Secondary cartilagenous

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19
Q

Where is the zygapophysial joint?

A

Between inferior and superior articular processes

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20
Q

What type of joint is the zygapophysial joint?

A

Plane synovial

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21
Q

What are the superficial extrinsic muscles of the back? (5)

A

Trapezius
Lat dorsi
Rhomboid major and minor
Levator scapulae

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22
Q

Origin of trapezius?

A

Medial 1/3rd superior nuchal line
Nuchal ligament
Spinous processes C7-T12

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23
Q

Insertion of trapezius?

A

Lateral clavicle
Acromion
Spine of scapula

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24
Q

Innervation of trapezius?

A

Motor - spinal accessory CNXI

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25
Origin of lat dorsi?
Spinous processes T7-12, Thoracolumbar fascia Iliac crest Lower 3/4 ribs
26
Insertion of lat dorsi?
Edge of bicipital groove of humerus
27
Innervation of lat dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve C6-C8
28
Origin of rhomboid major?
Spinous processes T2-5
29
Insertion of rhomboid major?
Medial border of scapula from the spine to inferior angle
30
Origin of rhomboid minor?
Nuchal ligament | Spinous processes C7, T1
31
Insertion of rhomboid minor?
Medial end of scapular spine
32
Innervation of rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5
33
Origin of levator scapulae?
Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1-C4
34
Insertion of levator scapulae?
Medial border of scapula above spine
35
Innervation of levator scapulae?
C3, C4 | Dorsal scapular nerve C4, C5
36
What are the intermediate extrinsic muscles of the back? (2)
Serratus posterior superior | Serratus posterior inferior
37
Origin of serratus posterior superior?
Nuchal ligament | Spinous processes C7-T3
38
Insertion of serratus posterior superior?
Superior borders of ribs 2-4
39
Innervation of serratus posterior superior?
Intercostal nerves 2-5
40
Origin of serratus posterior inferior?
Spinous processes T11-L2
41
Insertion of serratus posterior inferior?
Inferior borders of ribs 8-12 near angle
42
Innervation of serratus posterior inferior?
Anterior rami T9-T12
43
What are the overall functions of the extrinsic muscles of the back?
Superficial - connect to appendicular skeleton | Intermediate - superficial respiratory muscles
44
What are the overall functions of the intrinsic muscles of the back? (i.e. the muscles of the back 'proper')
Maintain posture | Control movements of vertebral column
45
What are the 3 layers of the intrinsic muscles of the back?
Superficial - splenius muscles Intermediate - erector spinae group Deep - lots of small muscles
46
What are the 2 superficial intrinsic back muscles?
Splenius capitis | Splenius cervicis
47
Origin of splenius capitis?
Nuchal ligament | Spinous processes C7-T3/4
48
Insertion of splenius capitis?
Mastoid process | Lateral 1/3rd superior nuchal line
49
Origin of splenius cervicis?
Nuchal ligament | Spinous processes C7-T3/4
50
Insertion of splenius cervicis?
Tubercles of transverse processes C1-C3/4
51
What are the 3 erector spinae muscles?
Medial - spinalis Longissimus Lateral - iliocostalis
52
What are the common proximal origins of the erector spinae group?
Posterior iliac crest Posterior sacrum and sacroiliac ligaments Superior processes of sacral and lower lumbar vertebrae Supraspinous ligament
53
What are the 3 parts of the iliocostalis muscle?
Lumborum Thoracis Cervicis
54
What are the 3 parts of longissimus?
Thoracis Cervicis Capitis
55
What are the 3 parts of spinalis?
Thoracis Cervicis Capitis
56
What are the deep intrinsic muscles of the back? (6)
``` Semispinalis Multifidus Rotatores Levator costarum Interspinale Intertransversari ```
57
What are the 3 parts of semispinalis?
Thoracis Cervicis Capitis
58
Origin of semispinalis?
Transverse processes C4-T12
59
Insertion of semispinalis?
Occipital bone | Thoracic and cervical spinous processes
60
In which vertebral region is multifidus thickest?
Lumbar region
61
Describe the orientation and insertion of the multifidis muscle fibres?
Superomedial | To spinous processes 2-4 vertebrae above
62
In which vertebral region is rotatores thickest?
Thoracic region
63
Describe the orientation and insertion of the rotatores muscle
Superomedial | To junction of lamina and transverse process 1 or 2 vertebrae above
64
In which vertebral region is levator costarum found?
Thoracic region
65
In which vertebral region is interspinale most developed?
Cervical | Lumbar
66
In which vertebral region is intertransversarii most developed?
Cervical | Lumbar
67
Innervation of the intrinsic back muscles?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves

Anatomy (49 decks)

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