7.7

Question 1

species

Answer 1

organisms are members of the same species if they can mate and produce fertile offspring

Question 2

the number of diverse species depends on

Answer 2

immigration of new species, speciation, loss of species due to emigration or extinction

Question 3

speciation

Answer 3

formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution, happens in response to reproductive isolation

Question 4

adaptive evolution

Answer 4

period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form new species whose adaptions allow them to fill different ecological roles in their new communities

Question 5

2 forms of reproductive isolation and definitions

Answer 5

pre and post zygotic barriers

Question 6

gametic isolation

Answer 6

fertilization between gametes not possible

Question 7

hybrid breakdown

Answer 7

second generation of offspring is weak or sterile

Question 8

allopatric specialization

Answer 8

formation of new species due to geographic isolation

Question 9

gradualism (mode of evolution)

Answer 9

small variations happen to an organism over time

Question 10

sympatric specialization

Answer 10

formation of new species in same geographic area

Question 11

punctuated equilibrium (mode of evolution)

Answer 11

interruption of equilibrium by periods of rapid change especially in small gene pools

Question 12

niche

Answer 12

conditions in which organism uses conditions to perform a function in the community

Question 13

adaptive radiation

Answer 13

single species evolves and diversifies in a short time to occupy different niches (finches)

Question 14

divergent evolution

Answer 14

2 species share common ancestor but differ in characteristics

Question 15

co-evolution

Answer 15

2 species evolve in response to changes in each other

Question 16

background extinction

Answer 16

ongoing due to ecological factors

Question 17

mass extinctions

Answer 17

environment changes so rapidly that many species die off

Question 18

reproductive isolation

Answer 18

biological factors that impede interbreeding with different species

Question 19

hybrids

Answer 19

offspring of 2 different species

Question 20

morphological species concept

Answer 20

distinguishes species by structural features

Question 21

ecological species concept

Answer 21

defines species in terms of its ecological niche (how species interacts with other parts of the environment)

Question 22

autopolyploid

Answer 22

individual with more than 2 chromosome sets from 1 species

Question 23

allopolyploid

Answer 23

fertile individual with more than 2 chromosome sets as a result of 2 different species interbreeding (can’t mate with parent species)

Question 24

plate techtonics

Answer 24

continents are part of plates on the mantle, continental drift promotes allopatric specialization

Question 25

ecosystem service

Answer 25

function performed by an ecosystem that benefits humans

Question 26

pre-zygotic barriers

Answer 26

factors that limit reproductive access (types of isolation)

Question 27

post zygotic barriers

Answer 27

factors that prevent viable offspring

Question 28

temporal isolation

Answer 28

animals active during different times

Question 29

behavioral isolation

Answer 29

different mating rituals

Question 30

mechanical isolation

Answer 30

physically unable to mate

Question 31

habitat isolation

Answer 31

species live in different habitats

Question 32

reduced hybrid viability

Answer 32

development in zygote weak/unsuccessful

Question 33

reduced hybrid fertility

Answer 33

offspring is sterile