3.1/3.2

Question 1

enzymes

Answer 1

special proteins that increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the amount of energy needed to start the reaction

Question 2

how are enzymes biological catalysts

Answer 2

molecules that increase speed of a reaction without being used up

Question 3

activation energy

Answer 3

initial investment of energy for starting a reaction

Question 4

substrate

Answer 4

reactant on which an enzyme works

Question 5

enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 5

a temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecules

Question 6

what do enzyme names end in

Answer 6

ase

Question 7

active site

Answer 7

the specific region of an enzyme that binds the substrate and forms the pocket in which catalysis occurs

Question 8

induced fit

Answer 8

caused by the entry of the substrate, the change in shape of the active site of an enzyme so that it bonds more snugly to the substrate

Question 9

how are substrates held in the active site

Answer 9

by weak interactions (H/ionic)

Question 10

coenzyme

Answer 10

if cofactor is an organic molecule

Question 11

cofactors

Answer 11

non protein molecule required for proper functioning of enzyme

Question 12

competitive inhibitors

Answer 12

substance that reduces activity of enzyme by entering active site in place of substrate

Question 13

noncompetitive inhibitors

Answer 13

reduces enzyme activity by binding to location remote from active site changing enzyme shape

Question 14

factors that influence enzyme activity

Answer 14

co factors bond to enzymes to increase reactivity, inhibitors

Question 15

denaturation

Answer 15

enzymes consist of polypeptide chains that assume unique 3-D configurations related to amino A sequences, altered by environment

Question 16

V-max

Answer 16

maximum rate of a reaction

Question 17

allosteric regulation

Answer 17

binding of regulatory molecule to protein at one site that effects function of protein at active site

Question 18

How does ATP participate in allosteric regulation

Answer 18

it binds to several catabolic enzymes allosterically as an inhibitor

Question 19

cooperativity (in allosteric regulation)

Answer 19

allosteric regulation in which shape change in one subunit of a protein is transmitted to all other subunits

Question 20

feedback inhibition

Answer 20

end product of metabolic pathway acts as inhibitor w/in that pathway