7.6

Question 1

phylogeny

Answer 1

evolutionary history of a species or group of related species

Question 2

cladistics (2)

Answer 2

approach to systematics in which organisms are placed into groups (clades) based on common descent

relationships are based from ancestral traits inherited from a common ancestor

Question 3

new traits in cladistics

Answer 3

derived traits

Question 4

why can categorization be disadvantageous

Answer 4

some domains such as bacteria can transfer DNA, hard to distinguish original DNA to classify

Question 5

transformation

Answer 5

one strain of bacteria is changed by genes from another

Question 6

transduction

Answer 6

transferring genetic material from one cell to another through plasmids or bacteriophages

Question 7

conjugation

Answer 7

process in which paramecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information

Question 8

binomial (2)

Answer 8

2 part name to classify animals

1. genus- species
2. specific epithet- unique to species within genus

Question 9

order of classification (biggest to smallest)

Answer 9

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family

Question 10

how can evolutionary history be grouped

Answer 10

in a phylogenetic tree

Question 11

branch point

Answer 11

where common ancestor diverged

Question 12

sister taxa

Answer 12

groups of organisms that share immediate common ancestor, not shared by any other group

Question 13

rooted

Answer 13

branch point represents most recent common ancestor of all taxa in the tree

Question 14

basal taxon

Answer 14

lineage that diverges from all other members early in the history of the group

Question 15

monophyletic

Answer 15

consists of ancestral species and all descendants, taxon = clade

Question 16

paraphyletic

Answer 16

ancestral species and some descendants

Question 17

polyphyletic

Answer 17

distantly related species but not most recent common ancestor

Question 18

shared ancestral character

Answer 18

character that originated in ancestor of the taxon

Question 19

shared derived character

Answer 19

evolutionary novelty, unique to a clade

Question 20

polyphyletic

Answer 20

distantly related species but not most recent common ancestor

Question 21

shared ancestral character

Answer 21

character that originated in ancestor of the taxon

Question 22

outgroup

Answer 22

species from evolutionary group, not part of ingroup but closely related

Question 23

ingroup

Answer 23

species being studied (uses shared derived character) to find clade it originated in)