6.7

Question 1

mutations

Answer 1

changes in genetic makeup and nucleotide sequence

Question 2

base pair substitutions

Answer 2

one base pair is replaced with different pair of nucleotides

Question 3

silent mutation

Answer 3

no effect if base pair transforms into another that signals for sasme amino acid

Question 4

insertion and deletion

Answer 4

occurs when nucleotides are added or removed from DNA sequence, changes all codons that follow, alters protein so it is unable to perform normal functions

Question 5

frameshift mutation

Answer 5

number of inserted/deleted nucleotides not multiple of 3

Question 6

miss sense mutation

Answer 6

results in different amino acids (substitution)

Question 7

nonsense mutation

Answer 7

results in STOP codon, causes translation to terminate

Question 8

point mutation

Answer 8

change in a single nucleotide

Question 9

mutagens

Answer 9

physical/chemical agents that interact with DNA and can cause a mutation

Question 10

domains

Answer 10

discrete structural and functional regions of proteins

Question 11

mutations increase

Answer 11

genetic diversity

Question 12

genetic recombination

Answer 12

combining of DNA from 2 sources- recombinant, horizontal gene transfer

Question 13

transformation

Answer 13

genotype and phenotype of prokaryotic cell are altered by foreign DNA

Question 14

transduction

Answer 14

phages carry prokaryotic genes from one host cell to another

Question 15

conjugation

Answer 15

DNA is transferred between 2 prokaryotic cells that are temporarily joined

Question 16

F factor

Answer 16

piece of DNA that gives ability to form pili and donate DNA during conjugation

Question 17

R plasmids

Answer 17

resistance genes, code for enzymes that hinder effectiveness of antibiotics