3.4 Flashcards
chloroplasts
organelle that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive synthesis of organic compounds
autotrophs
sustain themselves without eating anything derived from other living beings
heterotrophs
live on compounds produced by other organisms
where are chloroplasts found in photosynthesis
cells of the mesophyll in thylakoid membranes
where does co2 enter and o2 leave
stomata
important structures in photosynthesis
a chloroplast has an envelope of 2 membranes surrounding dense fluid called stroma, suspended in stroma are thylakoids in stacks called grana
photosynthesis equation
CO2+H20-> CH20+02
2 parts of photosynthesis
1- light reactions, 2- calvin cycle (light independent)
light dependent reactions
convert solar energy to chemical energy, h20 is split providing electrons and proton source (H=+), light absorbed by chlorophyll drives transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from H20 to acceptor called NADP+ where they are temporally stored, light reactions use solar energy to reduce NADP+ to NADPH, also generates ATP through chemiosmosis
calvin cycle (independent)
begins by incorporating CO2 from air into organic molecules present in chloroplast (carbon fixation), then reduces fixed carbon to carbohydrate by addition of electrons, calvin cycle uses NADPH from light reaction to reduce and ATP to convert CO2 to carbohydrate to make sugars
light
a form of energy called electromagnetic energy
wavelength
distance between wave crests
electromagnetic spectrum
entire range of electromagnetic radiation
visible light
most important to life
photon
quantum/discrete quality of light energy that behaves as if it were a particle
