7.1

Question 1

natural selection

Answer 1

traits are passed down by individuals who survive to reproduce

Question 2

evolutionary fitness

Answer 2

measured by ability to survive and reproduce successfully

Question 3

2 rules of evolution

Answer 3

species vary globally and locally over time, individuals do not evolve, only populations do

Question 4

population

Answer 4

groups of interbreeding individuals belonging to the same species and living in the same geographic area

Question 5

adaption

Answer 5

any inherited that that increases organism’s ability to survive

Question 6

artificial selection

Answer 6

selecting and breeding individuals that possess desired traits

Question 7

homology

Answer 7

similarity resulting from common ancestry

Question 8

vestigial structures

Answer 8

remnants of features that served a function in organism’s ancestors

Question 9

convergent evolution

Answer 9

independent evolution of similar features in different lineages

Question 10

analogous

Answer 10

having characteristics that are similar because of convergent evolution, not homology

Question 11

biogeography

Answer 11

scientific study of geographic distributions of species

Question 12

endemic

Answer 12

species that is confined to a specific geographic area

Question 13

genetic variation

Answer 13

differences among individuals in DNA sequences

Question 14

neutral variation

Answer 14

differences in dNA that aren’t bad or good

Question 15

relative fitness

Answer 15

contribution an individual makes to gene pool of next generation relative to contribution of others

Question 16

directional selection

Answer 16

conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range

Question 17

disruptive selection

Answer 17

conditions favor individuals at both extremes over intermediate phenotypes

Question 18

stabilizing selection

Answer 18

acts against extremes and favors intermediate variants- reduces variation

Question 19

balancing selection

Answer 19

maintains 2+ phenotypic forms in a population

Question 20

heterozygote advantages

Answer 20

greater reproductive success of heterozygous organisms (preserves variation)

Question 21

frequency-dependent selection

Answer 21

fitness of phenotype depends on how common it is in population

Question 22

sexual selection

Answer 22

individuals with certain characteristics are more likely to get mates

Question 23

sexual dimorphism

Answer 23

difference in secondary characteristics between males and females