7.5 Study Guide Flashcards
What are the two categories the parts of the digestive system are grouped in?
- Alimentary Canal (aka digestive tract) and 2. Accessory Organs
What parts of the digestive system make up the alimentary canal?
Oral Cavity, Tongue, Pharynx, Esophagus, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum and Anus
What parts of the digestive system make up the accessory organs?
Salivary glands, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas
What are the 5 major steps of the Digestive Process?
- Ingestion 2. Propulsion 3. Digestion (Mechanical and Chemical) 3. Absorption 4. Defecation
What is Ingestion?
Taking in food though the mouth
What is mechanical digestion and where does it occur? What is its purpose?
Chewing- happens in the Mouth and Churning- happens in the Stomach; Increase surface area of food
What is propulsion and where does it occur?
Swallowing - happens in the Pharynx and Peristalsis - happens in the Esophagus/Stomach/Small Intestine/ Large Intestine
What is chemical digestion and where does it occur?
Enzymes breakdown large organic polymers into monomers - happens mainly in the small intestine
What are the large organic polymers that are broken down during digestion?
Carbohydrates (polysaccharides), Proteins (polypeptides), Nucleic Acids (DNA and RNA) and Fats (fat globules)
What are the monomers the polymers are broken down to (by enzymes) during digestion?
Monosaccharides, Amino Acids, (Nitrogen Bases, Sugars and Phosphates, (Fatty Acids and glycerol)
What is the role of the liver during digestion?
producing bile which are salts that help break down fats and absorb nutrients
What is the role of the pancreas during digestion?
generates pancreatic juice that includes enzymes that break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in food, releasing these enzymes into the small intestine (duodenum) through ducts, where they help to neutralize stomach acid and facilitate nutrient absorption
What are three enzymes found in pancreatic juice and one buffer?
Enzymes: Lipase, Protease and Amylase; Buffer: HCO3-
What is Absorption in the Digestive System?
Transport of digested end product into the blood stream and lymph vessels
Where does the majority of Absorption occur?
The small intestine
What is the role of the Liver in the Digestive System?
- Stores and releases glucose 2. Produces and releases proteins into the bloodstream that allow for clotting and transporting of fats 3. Filters waste and drugs 4. Produces immune factors and removed
What is Defecation in the Digestive System?
Elimination of indigestible substances as feces
Where does Defecation occur in the Digestive System?
Rectum and Anus
