5.4 Study Guide Flashcards
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What is the definition of the term Cohesion?
The attraction of molecules for other molecules of the same kind.
What is the definition of the term adhesion?
Adhesion is the outcome of attractive forces that bind together dissimilar or different molecules
What is the definition of the term solvent?
A solute is dissolved in solvent.
What is the definition of the term specific heat?
Specific heat is defined by the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius (°C).
What is the definition of the term heat of vaporization?
The energy required to transform a given quantity of a substance from a liquid into a gas at a given pressure (often atmospheric pressure).
What is the definition of the term concentration?
The amount of a substance, such as a salt, that is in a certain amount of tissue or liquid, such as blood.
What is the definition of the term pH?
A measure of how acidic or basic a substance or solution is.
What is the definition of the term pOH?
pOH or power of hydroxide ion is a standard used to estimate hydroxide ion (OH–) concentration in a solution.
What is the definition of the term hydroxide ion?
The hydroxide ion is a negatively charged molecule made up of one oxygen bonded to one hydrogen.
What is the definition of the term hydronium ion?
A water molecule, combined with a positively charged hydrogen ion.
What is the definition of the term acid?
If a solution has a higher concentration of hydronium ions than pure water, it has a pH lower than 7. A solution with a pH lower than 7 is called an acid.
What is the definition of the term base?
A solution with a pH higher than 7.
What are the five properties of water?
- Cohesion and Adhesion
- Water is the solvent of life
- Ice is less dense than liquid water
- High Specific Heat
- Heat of Vaporization
Explain how water’s polarity or ability to make hydrogen bonds gives it each property.
As a result of water’s polarity, each water molecule attracts other water molecules because of the opposite charges between them, forming hydrogen bonds. Water also attracts, or is attracted to, other polar molecules and ions, including many biomolecules, such as sugars, nucleic acids, and some amino acids.
Examples of why each property is important to living things.
Cohesion and Adhesion are important for living things because it helps plants get nutrients and water to their leaves and to walk on water.
Water is the solvent of life and is vital for the transportation of living things.
Ice is less dense than liquid water and is important because it insulates the heat under the surface of the ocean or lakes providing warmth for underwater marine life.
High Specific heat is vital for life because Marie life would die if the temperature of the water fluctuates constantly then the fish and other underwater Marie life wouldn’t;t be about to regulate a constant temperature.
Heat of Vaporization is vital for life because organisms can use this for evaporation and cooling.
