7.4 Study Guide Flashcards
What is Cellular Respiration?
the process individual cells use to break down food molecules (like glucose) and release energy
Why do cells need to carry out Cellular Respiration?
To make energy for the body (ATP)
What is the chemical equation for Cellular Respiration?
Glucose (C6H12O6) + Oxygen (6O2) —> Carbon Dioxide (6CO2) + Water (6 H2O) + Energy (ATP)
What is an aerobic process? What can they be used for?
a biological or chemical process that requires oxygen; can be used for waste treatment, energy production and fermentation
What are the four main stages of aerobic cellular respiration?
- Glycolysis 2. Pyruvate Oxidation (formation of acetyl coenzyme A) 3. Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle 4. Oxidative Phosphorylation (the electron transport chain)
The ______________ oxidation of glucose releases energy used to make ______. Is this a catabolic or anabolic reaction?
aerobic, ATP ; catabolic
Glycolysis means ________________________?
the series of reactions reactions that collectively convert 1 molecule of glucose to 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATP, and 2 NADH
What gets oxidized and broken down during glycolysis?
glucose
What is the purpose of the NADH made during glycolysis?
NADH is a high energy electron carrier used to transport electrons generated in Glycolysis to the Electron Transport Chain
Where does glycolysis occur?
the cytoplasm of the cell
What are the reactants and products of glycolysis?
the reactants are 1 glucose molecule, 2 NAD+ and 2 ATP and the products are 2 molecules of pyruvate, 2 ATPs and 2 NADH
What is the ATP yield in glycolysis?
2 ATP per glucose
What is “the link reaction” in Cellular Respiration?
a crucial step that connects the products of glycolysis (pyruvate) to the Krebs cycle by converting pyruvate into acetyl-CoA, releasing carbon dioxide (CO2) and reducing NAD+ to NADH. This reaction acts as a bridge between the cytoplasm and the mitochondria where the Krebs cycle occurs
Where does “the link reaction” occur?
the mitochondrial matrix within the mitochondrion of the cell
What happens to the products of “the link reaction”?
acetyl-CoA and NADH directly enter the Krebs (Citric Acid) cycle; CO2 is released as a waste product
The Krebs Cycle is also sometimes called the?
Citric Acid Cycle
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
the matrix of the mitochondrion of the cell
By the end of the carbon cycle the glucose molecule is completely _____________ and converted to _____?
broken down; CO2 and H2O
The Krebs cycle will repeat ____x per molecule of glucose?
two
What are the reactants and products of the Krebs cycle?
2 Acetyl CoA ——> 4 Co2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH and 2 FADH2
Where do the products of the Krebs Cycle go?
4 CO2 diffuse out of the cell; 2 ATP are released into the cell for energy to use; 6NADH and 2FADH2 travel to the cristae to bring high energy electrons to the electron transport chain
What is the electron transport chain made of and where is it located?
protein complexes and the inner membrane of the mitochondria
As the electrons move down the electron transport chain, energy is slowly released to pump what across the membrane?
Protons (Hydrogen Ions)
The electron transport chain pumps H+ from the matrix to the _____________________. Therefore, the concentration of H+ is __________ in the intermembrane space and __________lower in the matrix.
intermembrane space; higher; lower
