4.2 Study Guide

Question 1

Matter does what through and ecosystem from abiotic to organic molecules (biotic) to abiotic?

Answer 1

Cycles

Question 2

Energy does what through an ecosystem?

Answer 2

Flows.

Question 3

What is it called when energy flows through an ecosystem from the sun to chemical energy?

Answer 3

Photosynthesis.

Question 4

What is it called Photosynthesis goes to heat energy radiated out into space?

Answer 4

Cellular Respiration.

Question 5

What brings matter and energy into an ecosystem ?

Answer 5

Photosynthesis.

Question 6

Herbivores, carnivora, and decomposers all depend on what to satisfy their matter?

Answer 6

Digestion/Biosynthesis.

Question 7

What is the main abiotic reservoir?

Answer 7

The atmosphere.

Question 8

What are some processes in the nutrient cycle?

Answer 8

Consumption, death, biosynthesis, decomposition, defecation.

Question 9

Examples of carbon sinks?

Answer 9

Coal, oil, the ocean, lakes, and natural gas,

Question 10

What does decomposition do?

Answer 10

Connects all levels.

Question 11

What is needed for a plant to preform Photosynthesis?

Answer 11

Sunlight, Land, water, and CO2.

Question 12

What does light energy do to water molecules?

Answer 12

Light energy breaks up the water molecules, and makes chemicals that store energy/chemical energy.

Question 13

One oxygen is created, what atoms are left and how many of each?

Answer 13

There are 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen atoms left.

Question 14

After creating oxygen and glucose were there any leftover atoms?

Answer 14

No, due to the fact that we made C6H12O6.

Question 15

How can sugar molecules be used to make other organic compounds?

Answer 15

Atoms can be transferred from sugar molecules to make things like Amino acid. H5C2O2N.

Question 16

What else in needed to make Glycine other than glucose and oxygen?

Answer 16

Nitrogen.

Question 17

List the steps it takes to get to being a carnivore in the Carbon Cycle.

Answer 17

Photosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Eaten
Digestion
Eaten

Question 18

List the steps it takes to get to being a decomposer in the Carbon Cycle.

Answer 18

Photosynthesis
Biosynthesis
Eaten
Digestion
Eaten
Defecation

Question 19

How are the pathways of energy similar to each other, how are they different?

Answer 19

They all go through cellular Respiration but only some go through photosynthesis, digestion, or dedication.

Question 20

How is the carbon levels similar to the trophic levels?

Answer 20

There is more energy and carbon at the bottom of the pyramid and almost none at the top of a very minimal amount.

Question 21

What do living things need nitrogen for?

Answer 21

To build proteins for DNA and RNA.

Question 22

What is Nitrogen Fixation?

Answer 22

When Nitrogen is is fixed by bacteria to be usable for plants since N2 is toxic for plants.

Question 23

What is Nitrification?

Answer 23

Conforms Ammonium and Ammonia forms of Nitrogen to Nitrates NO2 or NO3.

Question 24

What is Denitrification?

Answer 24

Converts Nitrates and Nitrites back into atmosphere Nitrogen.

Question 25

How are the nitrogen cycle similar and different to the carbon cycle.

Answer 25

A similarity is that the are both obtained by consumption, but plants can take in carbon directly while nitrogen has to be filtered.

Question 26

What do living things need phosphorus for?

Answer 26

The transfer of energy within organisms, the structure of the genetic material, and in the composition of cell membranes, bones and teeth.

Question 27

How is the phosphorus cycle similar and different than the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle.?

Answer 27

They are similar because they both go through consumption, and different because phosphorus is in the soil and water while the majority of carbon and nitrogen is in the atmosphere.

Question 28

What is N2 especially?

Answer 28

Molecular Nitrogen.

Question 29

How do humans affect the carbon and nitrogen cycles?

Answer 29

The global carbon cycle is being modified principally by the burning of fossil fuels, and also by deforestation.

Question 30

Cellular Respiration inputs and outputs.

Answer 30

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Chemical Energy (in ATP).

Question 31

Photosynthesis inputs and outputs.

Answer 31

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 32

How does BTB (a pH indicator) work?

Answer 32

At acidic pH, BTB is protonated and the solution appears yellow. At basic pH, BTB is deprotonated and the solution is blue.

Question 33

How will the ph change in the dark and light with a plant inside?

Answer 33

The color will be blue in the light and yellow in the dark because the plant is preforming photosynthesis in the light and cellular respiration in the dark which is more highly acidic than Photosynthesis.

Question 34

How will the pH be different between animals and plants?

Answer 34

If there is an animal in the BTB then the color will always remain yellow because animals constantly preform cellular respiration while, plants something’s preform Photosynthesis in the light but while in the dark they to preform cellular respiration making the color of the BTB yellow while in the light blue.