6.2 Study Guide Flashcards
Proteins are made of what elements?
C, H, O, N, (S)
Nucleic Acids are made of what elements?
C, H, O, N, P
Proteins are made by connecting smaller molecules (monomers) called?
Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids are made by connecting smaller molecules (monomers) called?
Nucleotides
What are four examples of Proteins
Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Structural Proteins
What are two examples of Nucleic Acids?
DNA and RNA
What is the function of Proteins that are Enzymes?
Catalyze Chemical Reactions
What is the function of Proteins that are Hormones?
Messengers
What is the function of Proteins that are Antibodies?
Protect against disease and pathogens
What is the function of Proteins that are Structural Proteins?
Give cells their shape
What is the function of Nucleic Acids that are DNA?
Hold instructions to make proteins
What is the function of Nucleic Acids that are RNA?
Aid in Protein Synthesis
Carbohydrates are made of what elements?
C, H, O
Lipids are made of what elements?
C, H, O
Carbohydrates are made by connecting smaller molecules (monomers) called?
Monosaccharides
Lipids are made by connection smaller molecules (monomers) called?
Fatty Acids
What are four examples of Carbohydrates?
Glucose, Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose
What are four examples of Lipids?
Triglycerides, Phospholipids, Steroids, Cholesterol
What is the function of Carbohydrates that are Glucose?
Primary source of energy
What is the function of Carbohydrates that are Starch and Glycogen?
Storage of simple sugars
What is the function of Carbohydrates that are Cellulose?
Build plant walls
What is the function of Lipids that are Triglycerides?
Long term energy storage, insulate and protect organs
What is the function of Lipids that are Phospholipids?
Make cell membranes
What is the function of Lipids that are Steroids and Cholesterol?
Molecular Messengers
What do Carbohydrates and Lipids have in common?
Elements that make them up (C, H, O) and they both store energy
How are Carbohydrates and Lipids different?
Carbs have higher O:H ratio; Lipds have lots more H; Carbs are a primary source of energy and Lipids are for long term energy storage; Carbs function include building cell walls and Lipids functions include forming cell membranes and being molecular messengers
How is the function of nucleic acids tied to proteins?
Proteins are built using the code in DNA - the process of making the proteins is done by RNA
Give two carbohydrate monomer (monosaccharide) examples?
Glucose and Fructose
Given two examples of a protein monomer (amino acid)?
Arginine, Leucine
What is the nucleic acid monomer (nucleotide)?
Sugar - Phosphate - Base in combination
Give two examples of the lipid monomer (fatty acid)?
Saturated Fatty Acid and Unsaturated Fatty Acid
Which functional groups are found in monosaccharides?
Carbonyl, Hydroxyl
What functional groups are found in amino acids?
Amino, Carboxyl
What functional groups are found in nucleotides?
Hydroxyl, Amino, Phosphate
What functional groups are found in fatty acids?
Carboxyl
What two monomer groups of biomolecules have Carboxyl functional groups?
Amino Acids and Fatty Acids
What two monomer groups of biomolecules have Hydroxyl functional groups?
Monosaccharides and Nucleotides
