3.2 Study Guide

Question 1

Biodiversity Definition

Answer 1

The population hederogenticy of a community.

Question 2

Species Diversity Definition

Answer 2

Is a combination of species Richness and species Evenness.

Question 3

Species Richness Definition

Answer 3

Is the total number of of species present in an area.

Question 4

Species Evenness Definition

Answer 4

Is the relative distribution of individuals among the species present in a community.

Question 5

Evenness Definition

Answer 5

The contrast with dominance and is maximized when all species have the same number of individuals.

Question 6

What benefits does Biodiversity have for humans?

Answer 6

1. Food
2. Medicine
3. Shelter/warmth
4. indirect devices Clean water/water
5. agriculture/pollination

Question 7

What are the three factors included in Biodiversity.

Answer 7

Genetic Diversity
Species Diversity
Ecosystem Diversity

Question 8

What is the Species Diversity often related to?

Answer 8

The species richness and the species Evenness.

Question 9

What is the Genetic Diversity often related to?

Answer 9

The size of the population.

Question 10

What is the Ecosystem diversity often related to?

Answer 10

A range of habitat types, variation within ecosystems.

Question 11

What is the formula for spices richness?

Answer 11

R=s
Where s is the number of species.

Question 12

What is the formula for Shannon Wiener Index (H)?

Answer 12

H = E(Piln[Pi])
Where ni is the number of individuals in species.
Where N is the total number of individuals.

Question 13

What is the formula for Species Evenness?

Answer 13

H/ln(R)
Where R is the total number of species.

Question 14

Write a CER about how Fragmentation in habitats affects biodiversity.

Answer 14

Claim- If a habitat has a higher fragmentation, then the biodiversity in that habitat will be less. High habitat fragmentation can also lead to high numbers of inbreeding in species, which can also lead to genetic diversity loss.

Evidence- In a high fragmentation habitat there is less biodiversity, this is proven in the data collected with different spices of spiders in site one and two. In site one, the species richness was thirteen different species of spiders, with the Dragonfly species being the highest, 7 spiders, the lowest being the Mosquito spider, 2 spiders, and the average of the rest of the spiders was approximately 4 spiders. In site two,the species richness was seven different species of spiders captured, with Large Spotted Abdomen and Tick Turtle being the highest, average of 15.5 spiders, the lowest being Long legs, Dark Abdomen and Small Abdomen, Long legs, 3 spiders, and the rest of the species averaged at 4.3 spiders. The Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index (H) was 2.69 for site one and 1.70 for site two, a dramatic difference when compared. Lastly, evenness was 0.99 for site one and 0.87 for site two. With this data it is shown that site one is significantly more even.

Justification- The data represented in sites one and two show that the habitat that suffered from more fragmentation had less biodiversity. The first site, which had less fragmentation, had more species and a higher evenness. The second site, which had more fragmentation, had fewer species and a lower evenness. These calculations show that habitat fragmentation negatively affects biodiversity. Species 1 was able to have an almost perfect evenness whilst species two were not as even and had less genetic diversity overall.

Question 15

If a habitat has a high Evenness are they more ar less likely to survive an outbreak in disease.

Answer 15

More likely.

Question 16

If a habitat has a low Evenness are they more ar less likely to survive an outbreak in disease

Answer 16

Less likely.

Question 17

Should an ecosystem have a high biodiversity or a low biodiversity.

Answer 17

An ecosystem should have a high biodiversity because, having a high biodiversity provides more resources for the entire ecosystem as a whole.

Question 18

If you were given the chance to protect a spices from extinction would you pick a spices with high or low Evenness.

Answer 18

You would protect the species with the higher Evenness because, there are more each species and it helps preserve the community’s biodiversity.

Question 19

What is the problem with a uniform crop.

Answer 19

The problem with a uniform crop is that they do not have enough genetic diversity to reach fruition.

Question 20

What if a simplified epigram for ecosystem diversity.

Answer 20

More Niches = More Species.

Question 21

Ecological succession Definition

Answer 21

Is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time.

Question 22

Primary succession Definition

Answer 22

Is the beginning step of ecological succession where species known as pioneer species colonize an uninhabited site, which usually occurs in an environment devoid of vegetation and other organisms.

Question 23

Pioneer species Definition

Answer 23

Are resilient species that are the first to colonize barren environments, or to repopulate disrupted biodiverse steady-state ecosystems as part of ecological succession.

Question 24

Secondary succession Definition

Answer 24

Is the secondary ecological succession of a plant’s life.

Question 25

Seral stages Definition

Answer 25

An intermediate stage found in ecological succession in an ecosystem advancing towards its climax community.

Question 26

Climax community Definition

Answer 26

Is a historic term for a community of plants, animals, and fungi which, through the process of ecological succession in the development of vegetation in an area over time, have reached a steady state.

Question 27

Keystone species Definition

Answer 27

A species on which other species in an ecosystem largely depend, such that if it were removed the ecosystem would change drastically.

Question 28

Invasive Species Definition

Answer 28

Is an introduced species that harms its new environment.