5.1 Study Guide Flashcards
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Definition of isotope
Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.
Proton Position
Nucleus
Neutron Position
Nucleus
Electron Position
Electron cloud or outside the nucleus.
Proton Charge
+1
Neutron Charge
0
Electron Charge
-1
Proton Mass
1 amu
Neutron Mass
1 amu
Electron Mass
virtually 0 amu
What is the one element in the eighth column that has only two valence electrons and why is it in the noble Gasses.
Helium, because it’s valence electrons ring is full.
Do positives attract positives?
No they repell
Do negatives attract negatives?
No the repell
Do positives attract negatives?
Yes, they are attracted to one another.
The relationship between coulombic attraction and amount of charge?
The greater the nuclear charge (q₁) and the shorter the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron (r), the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and the electron.
The relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?
The higher the distance or r^2, the less attraction.
If a Lithium atom has a net charge of -3 what what is the atomic number, Mass, and electron count?
The atomic number is 3, the number of electrons is 6, and the mass is 6.94.
How many neutrons added to an isotope will make the atom radioactive.
2
Explain why isotopes can be useful in scientific research.
There are more than 3000 known radioisotopes. They are the unstable form of an element. They emit different levels of radiation, which makes them useful in medicine, industry, agriculture, radiopharmaceutical sciences, industrial applications, environmental tracing and biological studies.
Predict how electrical force will change when charge of particles or distance between them changes by a certain factor.
From Coulomb’s Law, the electric force with which two point charges at rest attract or repel each other is inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates them. Then, if the distance between the two charges is doubled, the force between them will be reduced by 4.
Pick which atom has a stronger or weaker attraction for valence electrons, oxygen or lithium, and explain why
Oxygen has the stronger attraction because it has more protons in it’s nucleus.
