5.1 Study Guide

Question 1

Definition of isotope

Answer 1

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

Question 2

Proton Position

Answer 2

Nucleus

Question 3

Neutron Position

Answer 3

Nucleus

Question 4

Electron Position

Answer 4

Electron cloud or outside the nucleus.

Question 5

Proton Charge

Answer 5

+1

Question 6

Neutron Charge

Answer 6

0

Question 7

Electron Charge

Answer 7

-1

Question 8

Proton Mass

Answer 8

1 amu

Question 9

Neutron Mass

Answer 9

1 amu

Question 10

Electron Mass

Answer 10

virtually 0 amu

Question 11

What is the one element in the eighth column that has only two valence electrons and why is it in the noble Gasses.

Answer 11

Helium, because it’s valence electrons ring is full.

Question 12

Do positives attract positives?

Answer 12

No they repell

Question 13

Do negatives attract negatives?

Answer 13

No the repell

Question 14

Do positives attract negatives?

Answer 14

Yes, they are attracted to one another.

Question 15

The relationship between coulombic attraction and amount of charge?

Answer 15

The greater the nuclear charge (q₁) and the shorter the distance between the nucleus and the outermost electron (r), the stronger the attraction between the nucleus and the electron.

Question 16

The relationship between coulombic attraction and distance?

Answer 16

The higher the distance or r^2, the less attraction.

Question 17

If a Lithium atom has a net charge of -3 what what is the atomic number, Mass, and electron count?

Answer 17

The atomic number is 3, the number of electrons is 6, and the mass is 6.94.

Question 18

How many neutrons added to an isotope will make the atom radioactive.

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Explain why isotopes can be useful in scientific research.

Answer 19

There are more than 3000 known radioisotopes. They are the unstable form of an element. They emit different levels of radiation, which makes them useful in medicine, industry, agriculture, radiopharmaceutical sciences, industrial applications, environmental tracing and biological studies.

Question 20

Predict how electrical force will change when charge of particles or distance between them changes by a certain factor.

Answer 20

From Coulomb’s Law, the electric force with which two point charges at rest attract or repel each other is inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates them. Then, if the distance between the two charges is doubled, the force between them will be reduced by 4.

Question 21

Pick which atom has a stronger or weaker attraction for valence electrons, oxygen or lithium, and explain why

Answer 21

Oxygen has the stronger attraction because it has more protons in it’s nucleus.