1.3 Study Guide

Question 1

What is a research question?

Answer 1

A research question is a question that a study or research project, through its thesis statement, aims to answer.

Question 2

What is a claim?

Answer 2

Claims are statements in science supported by data and research.

Question 3

What is a hypothesis?

Answer 3

An idea or explanation that you then test through study and experimentation.

Question 4

What is an alternative claim?

Answer 4

A statement that answers the question, but does not align with the author’s claim.

Question 5

What is evidence?

Answer 5

Information collected via rigorous scientific methods that changes their belief in the truth of factual claims of the first to the fourth kind.

Question 6

What is justification?

Answer 6

A statement about why the research is being conducted,

Question 7

Hypothesis Template

Answer 7

If < independent/manipulated variable < increases/decreases>, then<dependent/respondent variable ><increases/decreases.

Question 8

How to write a research question.

Answer 8

Come up with a question about a phenomenon.

Question 9

How many controlled groups.

Answer 9

1

Question 10

How many experimental groups.

Answer 10

1 or more

Question 11

What does data differentiate by?

Answer 11

The independent variable.

Question 12

What do control groups=?

Answer 12

Standards at which comparisons are made in an experiment.

Question 13

What is a independent variable?

Answer 13

An independent variable is exactly what it sounds like. It is a variable that stands alone and isn’t changed by the other variables you are trying to measure.

Question 14

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 14

A dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation.

Question 15

What variable goes on the X-axis?

Answer 15

The independent variable.

Question 16

What variable goes on the Y-axis?

Answer 16

The dependent variable.

Question 17

Standard Deviation

Answer 17

Measure of variation from the mean.

Question 18

Smaller Standard Deviation

Answer 18

Value tend to be closer to the mean.

Question 19

Larger Standard Deviation

Answer 19

Values are spread over a closer range. Helps identify outliers.

Question 20

Overlap on a bar graph.

Answer 20

Suspect the difference between groups is not statistically significant, but you must actually preform a statistical test to draw this conclusion.

Question 21

Error bars in published literature will often show what?

Answer 21

Standard error of the mean or confidence interval.

Question 22

When to use a bar graph.

Answer 22

When data is graphed categorically.

Question 23

When to use a line graph.

Answer 23

When data is graphed numerically.