7.1 Flashcards
Similarities and differences in amino acid structure
All amino acids have carbon, carboxyl, and amino groups. However, they can have different side chains which changes their function and how they interact.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
A string of amino acids that bond together using covalent bonds.
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The primary structure folds or spirals to form alpha helix or beta pleated structures.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The final 3D shape of a single polypeptide. shape is determined by the interactions between the amino acid side chains.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Tertiary structures formed together. Not all proteins have this structure! More than one polypeptide chain.
What happens during protein denaturation?
The protein unfolds its structure.
How do hydrophilic amino acids interact to form a tertiary structure?
They turn towards the outside.
How do hydrophobic amino acids interact to form a tertiary structure?
They turn towards the inside
How do acidic and basic amino acids interact to form a tertiary structure?
Acidic and Basic amino acids attract together and form ionic attractions.
How do cysteine amino acids interact to form a tertiary structure?
They form disulfide bonds with each other. Cysteine has a SH in it.
What do Infrastructure proteins do?
Provide support
What do Hormone proteins do?
Tell cells what and when they can do things
What do Enzyme proteins do?
Chemical reactions
What do Channel, Pump, and Receptor proteins do?
Getting back and forth between the membrane
What do Antibody proteins do?
Protect the immune system, grab viruses
How are the effects and results of protein denaturation different from the effects and results of a mutation?
Protein denaturation is when the protein structure unfolds, but a mutation is when a different amino acid in the primary structure chain changes the way the protein functions and its shape.
What could cause a protein to denature?
Heat, pH, salinity
