10.1 Flashcards
Order of events in the cell cycle
G1, S, G2, M
Examples of stimulatory proteins
Growth factors, APC/C, cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclins, proto-oncogenes
Roles of stimulatory proteins
They stimulate cells to start to divide
Examples of inhibitory proteins
MAD, BRCA1, ATM, Rb, p53, tumor suppressor gene
Roles of inhibitory proteins
They inhibit cells to start dividing
Definition of proto-oncogenes
Genes that normally help cells grow and divide to make new cells, or to help cells stay alive
Definition of tumor suppressor genes
a gene that encodes a protein that acts to regulate cell division, keeping it in check.
Why do mutations of tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer
Because if there are 2 mutated tumor suppressors then it negates it’s ability to stop cells from dividing
Why do mutations of oncogenes lead to cancer
It makes cells divide very fast
What stages are in interphase
G1, S, G2
What happens in the G1 Stage?
Cell grows and prepares to replicate
What happens in the G2 Stage?
Grows and prepares to divide, gets ready for mitosis
What happens in the G0 Stage?
Cell differentiates and stays in G0 for it’s life
What happens in the S Stage?
Cell replicates DNA, cell now has 2 sets of chromosomes
What happens in the M Stage?
Mitosis, cell divides
