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YR2 Developmental Psychology > 7. Language Acquisition 2 > Flashcards

7. Language Acquisition 2 Flashcards

1
Q

There are arguably ____ possible meanings for new words

A

Infinite

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2
Q

What is meant by fast mapping (Carey, 1978)?
Ability to qu____ li____ (map) a no____ name to a no____ object, typically by ap____ known info

A

Ability to quickly link (map) a novel name to a novel object, typically by applying known info

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3
Q

In an experiment into fast mapping, 13 out of 14 children brought the olive green tray. One week later, __ out of 13 children chose green.

A

9 out of 13

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4
Q

Word learning is the product of what three things?
1. What the child is s____/d____ n____
2. What the child j____ d____
3. The child’s d____ h____

A
  1. What the child is seeing/doing now
  2. What the child just did
  3. The child’s developmental history
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5
Q

Its easier to p____ to something than to say a new word

A

Point

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6
Q

It’s harder to choose a known object in an unfamiliar c____

A

Colour

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7
Q

It’s easier to choose the correct object if no____ el____ was na____

A

Nothing else was named

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8
Q

It’s harder to learn words from books with more i____

A

Illustrations

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9
Q

It’s easier to remember object names if you were exposed to several e____ from the c____

A

Examples, category

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10
Q

It’s harder to do well if the e____ changes

A

Experimenter

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11
Q

A study into recall and retention found that…
1. Children who heard the s____ stories learned words significantly better than children in the d____ stories condition
2. Children who hear s____ stories also r____ words significantly better

A
  1. same, different
  2. The same, retained
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12
Q

Repetition helps as we know what to ex____. Means we can focus on fi____ de____ on repeated readings

A

Expect
Finer details

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13
Q

Canonical babbling is a st____ of ad____-like co____-vo____ sequences

A

String of adult-like consonant-vowel sequences

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14
Q

Onset of canonical babbling predicts o____ of f____ w____

A

Onset of first words

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15
Q

Children who begin babbling later have smaller p____ v____ relative to their p____

A

Productive vocabularies relative to their peers

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16
Q

During children’s 18-20month old vocabulary explosion, children may say about ____ new words a week
What is this “sudden increase” due to?
Learning m____ words at the same time, some words are more d____ than others and take l____ to learn

A

20
Learning multiple words at the same time, some words are more difficult than others and take longer to learn

17
Q

Children start speaking their first sentences at around ____

A

24 mo

18
Q

Children begin showing signs of syntax with “t____ s____’

A

Telegraphic speech
(syntax = the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language)

19
Q

What is meant by telegraphic speech?
S____ sentences
Usually __ words (noun + n____/ noun + v____)
No f____ words

A

Simple sentences
Usually two words (noun + noun/ noun + verb)
No function words

20
Q

Late talkers learn ___ words a week

A

3-5

21
Q

Late talkers are children in the bottom __th percentile for language

A

15

22
Q

At 24 mo, late talkers say fewer than __ words and/or do not c____ words

A

50
Combine

23
Q

__ children per reception class have clinically significant language delays, often undiagnosed

A

2

24
Q

Weaker language skills put children at risk of what four things?
1. Poor s____ abilites
2. Poor s____-r____
3. V____
4. Poor s____-e____

A
  1. Poor social abilities
  2. Self-regulation
  3. Victimisation
  4. Poor self-esteem
24
Q

Define overextension
What age does this typically occur between?
E____ a k____ word to something beyond c____ v____
Between __-__ mo

A

Extend a known word to something beyond current vocabulary
Between 12-30 mo

25
Q

What are the three types of over-extensions children make?
1. Ca____ relation (taxonomy)
2. An____ relation (perception)
3. Pr____-ba____ relation (co-occurence)

A
  1. Categorical relation (taxonomy)
  2. Analogical relation (perception)
  3. Predicate-based relation (co-occurence)
26
Q

Define syntax
How words g____ t____ in s____

A

How words go together in sentences

27
Q

Define morphology
How to change w____ to change m____

A

How to change words to change meanings (e.g. panda to pandas)

28
Q

Grammar usage requires children to represent something a____ about words

A

Abstract

29
Q

English-learning children show a U-s____ trend in past-tense morphology

A

U-shaped

30
Q

Regularisation occurs because it is the most co____/ab____ pattern

A

Common/abstract
(Regularisation occurs when the output a learner produces is less variable than the linguistic data they observed)

31
Q

Language is a sy____ of ru____ with pa____

A

System
Rules
Patterns

32
Q

Language proficiency is the product of ne____ ti____

A

Nested timescales

YR2 Developmental Psychology (21 decks)

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