17. Environmental Influences on Childhood Social Anxiety

Question 1

What is the mean age of onset of anxiety disorders?

Answer 1

~11 years old

Question 2

Global prevalence of social anxiety disorder increases across d____

Answer 2

development

Question 3

Social anxiety is ~__% heritable but estimates vary depending on population studied

Answer 3

30

Question 4

Social anxiety is polygenic. What does this mean?

Answer 4

Many genes of very small effect

Question 5

There is support for di____ en____ tr____ of anxiety (e.g. via v____ info, v____ learning)

Answer 5

Direct environmental transmission (via e.g. verbal info, vicarious learning)

Question 6

What is meant by equifinality?

Answer 6

Different pathways and combinations of factors can result in SAD

Question 7

What is meant by multifinality?

Answer 7

Any one risk factor can lead to multiple outcomes, not just SAD

Question 8

Adverse social outcomes are a risk factor for f____ s____ a____ d____, not just a c____ of social anxiety

Answer 8

future social anxiety disorder, consequence

Question 9

In Blote et al (2015) higher r____ of HSA adolescents was partially mediated by them being rated as less p____ a____ and having poorer s____ p____

Answer 9

rejection
physically attractive
social performance

Question 10

Cross-sectional studies show socially anxious children are more likely to experience peer v____

Answer 10

victimisation

Question 11

Prospective longitudinal studies suggest a c____ role for v____ in increasing future risk for s____ a____

Answer 11

causal, victimisation, social anxiety

Question 12

What is direct/overt victimisation?

Answer 12

Physical and verbal bullying behaviour aimed at causing harm

Question 13

What is relational victimisation?

Answer 13

Harms social standing and reputation
(Withdrawal of friendships and attention, exclusion from activities, spreading of gossip and rumours)

Question 14

Pabian & Vandebosch (2015) found:
1. Higher social anxiety at time 1 predicted being a victim of both t____ and c____ at time 2
2. Being victim of either type of bulling at time 1 did not predict …. at time 2
3. Being a traditional bully at time 1 predicted ____ levels of social anxiety at time 2
4. Having higher social anxiety at time 1 did not predict… at time 2

Answer 14

1. traditional, cyberbullying
2. higher levels of social anxiety
3. higher
4. being a bully

Question 15

A____/s____ life events and t____ during childhood increases risk of developing SAD

Answer 15

adverse/stressful, trauma

Question 16

Rates of social anxiety are ____ as likely in a trauma exposed vs non-exposed group in a community sample

Answer 16

twice

Question 17

Aune et al (2021) found at high levels of s____ support, the relationship between n____ l____ e____ and SAD is …., but at low levels of s____ support, the relationships is s____.

Answer 17

social, negative life events, not significant, social, strengthened