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YR2 Developmental Psychology > 2. Prenatal development > Flashcards

2. Prenatal development Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the microscope invented?

A

1590s

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2
Q

When was Nicolaas Hartsoeker’s preformation theory of development developed?

A

1695

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3
Q

In the 19th century, improvements in o____ demonstrated that e____ development didn’t involve s____ processes of growth but also substantial d____

A

Optics
Embryonic
Simple
Differentiation

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4
Q

Define scala naturae
Great c____ of b____
Species are f____ and arranged h____

A

Great chain of being
Species are fixed and arranged hierarchically

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5
Q

What are the three stages of prenatal (antenatal) development?
1. The G____ period (from c____ to i____)
2. The period of the e____ (i____ to ~ __ months)
3. The period of the f____ (__ months to b____)

A
  1. The Germinal Period (from conception to implantation)
  2. The Period of the Embryo (implantation to ~ 2 months)
  3. The Period of the Fetus (2 months to birth)
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6
Q

After how many weeks does cell differentiation take place?

A

At two weeks

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7
Q

When does the period of embryo start?

A

At three weeks

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8
Q

What three things develop during the period of the foetus at 4 months?
1. T____
2. H____ __-__Hz
3. M____

A
  1. Touch
  2. Hearing 250-500Hz
  3. Movement
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9
Q

What are three examples of genetic variations from typical development?
1. C____ f____
2. S____-c____ a____
3. Various c____ d____

A
  1. Cystic fibrosis
  2. Sickle-cell anaemia
  3. Various chromosomal disorders
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10
Q

What are four environmental toxins that can cause variations from typical development?
1. T____
2. A____
3. R____
4. P____

A
  1. Thalidomide
  2. Alcohol
  3. Radiation
  4. Pesticides
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11
Q

What is one nutritional factor that can cause variations from typical development?
F____ a____

A

Folic acid

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12
Q

What are the four phases of mitosis?

A
  1. Prophase
  2. Metaphase
  3. Anaphase
  4. Telophase
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13
Q

What is the term for having fewer or more than the usual number of chromosomes?
A____

A

Aneuploidy

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14
Q

Down syndrome karyotype, Edwards syndrome karyotype and pat syndrome karyotype are three classes of aneuploidy. What problems are they all associated with?
Significant d____ problems in various o____ systems
L____ difficulties

A

Significant developmental problems in various organ systems
Learning difficulties

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15
Q

What happened in the “Thalidomide Tragedy”?
Developed in 19__ to treat h____, in____, and m____ s____ by CIBA pharmaceutical company.
By 19__, approximately __,000 children in __ different countries were born with severely m____ l____.

A

Developed in 1954 to treat headaches, insomnia, and morning sickness by CIBA pharmaceutical company.
By 1961, approximately 20,000 children in 46 different countries were born with severely misshapen limbs.

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16
Q

What can Stem cells become?

A

Any type of cell… they are not yet differentiated

17
Q

What occurs during the germinal period?

A

Fertilised egg makes its way down the fallopian tube and becomes implanted in the womb at about 2 weeks

18
Q

The period of the embryo is when all the m____ f____ of the human body are formed?

A

Main features…
E.g. brain, heart, eyes, liver

19
Q

What organ develops during the foetus period?
L____ so baby can b____ and survive outside of w____

A

Lungs (also strengthening of heart) so baby can breathe and survive outside of womb

20
Q

At how many months of development do babies become psychological beings?

A

4 months

21
Q

After becoming psychological beings, babies do what two things with stimuli?
P____ and r____

A

Perceive and react

22
Q

250-400Hz is the range of what sound?

A

The human voice

23
Q

What is meant by chromosomal variation problems being heterogeneous?
V____ between p____ and how much they’re a____ by the condition
Sometimes may have an extra f____ of a chromosome rather than a whole e____ chromosome

A

Variation between people and how much they’re affected by the condition.
Sometimes may have an extra fragment of a chromosome rather than a whole extra chromosome.

24
Q

Why is it in the first 2 weeks of pregnancy the foetus can’t be affected by environmental insult from the mother’s actions yet?
Zygote is d____ and hasn’t started it’s journey down the f____ t____ yet

A

Zygote is dividing and hasn’t started it’s journey down the fallopian tube yet.

25
Q

In training where babies in the womb were read cat in the hat twice a day and then read the story 2.5 days after birth, what results were found?

A

8 babies could hear the familiar story with faster dummy sucking, whereas the other 8 babies with slower dummy sucking.
Babies showed preference for familiar over novel stories

YR2 Developmental Psychology (21 decks)

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