6. Language Acquisition 1

Question 1

What are four skills involved in learning language?

Answer 1

1. Association
2. Generalisation / extension
3. Recognition
4. Retrieval

Question 2

Language acquisition uses ____ general skills

Answer 2

Domain

Question 3

A lot of language acquisition is learning patterns. What are two of these patterns?

Answer 3

1. Patterns for which sounds fit together to make a word
2. Patterns for which word-types fit together in which order

Question 4

Middle and high SES parents are more ____

Answer 4

talkative

Question 5

Children with more ____ caregivers learn new words ____

Answer 5

talkative
faster

Question 6

At 18 months, children from low SES backgrounds produce ____ words

Answer 6

fewer

Question 7

Children from low SES backgrounds produce less ____ sentences

Answer 7

complex

Question 8

By 24 months there is a ___month language gap between SES groups

Answer 8

6 month

Question 9

“The rich have become richer, and the poor have become poorer”. Gaps between groups will widen over time. What is the term for this phenomenon?

Answer 9

The Matthew Effect

Question 10

Foetuses can hear from how many weeks?

Answer 10

15-18 weeks

Question 11

Infants prefer their mother’s voice over ____ speaking in own language and ____ languages

Answer 11

Strangers
Another

Question 12

Define Cadence

Answer 12

The rhythm of language/speech

Question 13

Mothers recited stories twice a day in the last 6 weeks of pregnancy. At 55 hours of age, infants did what compared to a control group?

Answer 13

Infants “worked” to produce the story they had heard over a different story

Question 14

What are three things that help infants know where the breaks between words are?

Answer 14

1. Pitch
2. Pauses
3. Statistics and correlations

Question 15

What is meant by Transitional Probability (Patterns)?

Answer 15

Sounds that occur together often are more likely to be from the same word

Question 16

Infants can use statistical ____/____ to learn language

Answer 16

regularities/patterns

Question 17

Statistical learning is ____ ____

Answer 17

Domain General

Question 18

Infant directed speech exaggerates differences between ____, which helps children learn words

Answer 18

Vowels
The vowel exaggeration is observed across languages

Question 19

Infant-directed speech is ____ pitched than adult-directed speech across languages

Answer 19

higher

Question 20

Infant directed speech aids ____

Answer 20

Segmentation

Question 21

When presented with ____ speech streams, 7mon infants learned the “words” significantly ____ if IDS was used

Answer 21

Identical
better

Question 22

Children who hear more CDS have larger ____

Answer 22

vocabularies

Question 23

Parents adjust their speech based on…

Answer 23

words they think their children do not know

Question 24

CDS helps adults learn words in a new ____

Answer 24

language

Question 25

By ____ infants recognise their own names

Answer 25

4.5 months

Question 26

By ____ infants understand the words “mommy” and “daddy”

Answer 26

6 months

Question 27

By 6-9months infants show understanding of some words for ____ ____

Answer 27

familiar objects

Question 28

Children with more repeated ____ were diagnosed with ____ earlier than other children with ____

Answer 28

Failures
ASD, ASD

Question 29

____ recognition at 9 months could be useful for ____ prescreening

Answer 29

Name, ASD

Question 30

Macrostructure shows ____ and ____ of language acquisition

Answer 30

Flexibility
Robustness

Question 31

____ influences language

Answer 31

Categorisation

Question 32

Most of the input children hear is for ____ (nouns)

Answer 32

categories

Question 33

Most of children’s early ____ are words for ____, ____-based categories with count noun syntax

Answer 33

vocabularies
solid, shape

Question 34

Children trained on shape categories developed a…

Answer 34

Precocious shape bias

Question 35

Children trained on shape categories ____-____ the shape bias to ____-____ substances

Answer 35

over-generalised
non-solid

Question 36

Children trained on ____ categories did not develop any bias

Answer 36

material