16. Normative Development of Fears Flashcards
Normal childhood fears are what four things?
1. C____ e____
2. Relatively m____
3. A____ and d____ s____
4. Follow a p____ pattern including d____ with a____
- Commonly experienced
- Relatively mild
- Appear and disappear spontaneously
- Follow a predictable pattern including decreasing with age
Fears of i____ increase with age
Injury
Fear Survey Schedule for Children - Revised measures number, severity and type of normal fears children experience. The five reliable factors are:
1. Fear of d____ and d____
2. Fear of f____ and c____
3. Fear of the u____
4. Fear of a____
5. S____ and m____ fears
- Fear of danger and death (e.g. being hit by a car or truck)
- Fear of failure and criticism (e.g. looking foolish)
- Fear of the unknown (e.g. going to bed in the dark)
- Fear of animals (e.g. snakes)
- Stress and medical fears (e.g. getting an injection from the doctor)
What are four methodological issues with the Fear Survey Schedule for Children
1. Some items o____ and c____ threat not included
2. May not capture c___ v____
3. Can only measure what is i____
4. Might now index actual f____ of fears
- Some items quite outdated and contemporary threats (e.g. climate change) not included
- May not adequately capture cultural variation in childhood fears
- Can only measure what is included, not an exhaustive list
- Might not index actual frequency of fears
Ollendick et al. (1989) found top fears related to what two things?
Dangerous situations and physical harm
What are three moderators of childhood fears?
1. G____
2. C____ v____
3. S____ effects
- Gender
- Cultural Variation
- Socioeconomic effects
Ollendick et al. (1989) found children who identified as ____ report more fears than children who identified as ____
girls, boys
Fear levels may vary as a function of c____ g____ m____
cultural group membership
____ SES children report more fears
Lower
Fear of m____ and g____ decreases with age
Monsters and ghosts
Some fears can be learned through c____ experiences
Conditioning
There may be specific periods during development when we learn about certain types of fear more r____
readily
Some common fears may be i____, or we might be p____ to learn them very rapidly and at an e____ age
innate, prepared, early
Fill in the gaps about evolutionary approach:
1. Natural selection favours individuals who r____ learn about threats that pose a danger to s____ because this facilitates s____
2. Fear s____ evolved to focus on threats at ages at which those threats would have been greatest risk to our a____
3. Some fears may be i____ and may not need to be learned a____ a____
4. And/or we may be prepared to rapidly a____ some fears with little or no p____ learning
- rapidly, self, survival
- system, ancestors
- innate, at all
- acquire, prior
Fill in the gaps about cognitive development approach:
1. Fear and anxiety originates from c____ of threat
2. Conceptualisation of threat depends on a child’s c____, p____, s____ and e____ abilities
3. As these abilities e.g. biological regulation, memory, self-control, theory of mind, counterfactual reasoning develop, the things children fear becomes more s____
4. With increasing age/development, the r____ of fear-provoking stimuli b____ and more c____ features of anxiety (e.g. worry) emerge
- conceptualisation
- cognitive, physical, social, emotional
- sophisticated
- range, broadens, complex