19. Bullying II Flashcards
Cyber bullying and traditional bullying share the key components of bullying i.e. a v____-a____ power imbalance, intention to h____, s____ and r____
victim-aggressor
harm
strategic
repeated
Across different studies typically between __-__% of those students who had experienced cyberbullying also experienced ‘traditional’ bullying
50-90%
In a study of 2745 adolescents between 11 and 16 years, __% of students reported experiencing bullying only __% were purely cyber- bullied
29%
1%
Friendship is a d____ relationship between children that is m____ r____. It is v____, i____, s____ and d____ from other d____ relationships.
Dyadic
Mutually reciprocated
Voluntary, intimate, stable
Differs
Dyadic
Children with a reciprocated best friend are more a____ and s____ c____ than children without friends
adjusted
socially competent
For children who may be victimised, friendships b____ against n____ i____ victimisation has on wellbeing
buffer
negative impact
Friendships are predictive of children’s a____ a____ at school
academic achievement
Define homophily
The tendency of l____-m____ individuals to be a____ to one another
The tendency of like-minded individuals to be attracted to one another
What is meant by selection?
Children af____ and be____ peers who’re s____ to themselves on a variety of b___\ and p____ characteristics
Children affiliate and befriend peers who’re similar to themselves on a variety of behavioural and physical characteristics
What is socialisation?
Process of i____ or c____ among peers
Processes of influence or contagion among peers
Define peer contagion
Mu____ i____ process that occurs between an in____ and a pe____, including behaviours that un____ de____ and cause ha____
Mutual influence process that occurs between an individual and a peer, including behaviours that undermine development and cause harm
Deviancy training is a p____ of interactions between ‘d____’ peers in which aggressive b____ and/or d____ of r____ b____ is contingently r____
pattern
deviant
behaviour, discussion
rule breaking
reinforced
Aggressive children are more likely to be r____ from the peer group. This m____ and e____ children’s aggressive behaviour. This in turn limits opportunities for the a____ of s____ skills and p___ peer interactions
rejected
maintains, exacerbates
acquisition, social, positive
Peer rejection at age __ independently predicts conduct disorders at age __
5, 10
Piehler & Dishion (2007) found dyads high in both m____ and d____ talk were especially likely to demonstrate high levels of a____ b____
mutuality
antisocial behaviour
Ehrenreich et al (2014) found talk about antisocial activities was common and predicted increases in what two things?
1. Parent, teacher and self-reports of adolescents’ ru____-br____ b____
2. Teacher and self-reports of adolescents’ ag____ b____
- Parent, teacher & self-reports of adolescents’ rule-breaking behaviour
- Teacher & self-reports of adolescents’ aggressive behaviour
Appearance-based teasing from friends and school-level rates of appearance-based teasing predicts increases in b____ d____
body dissatisfaction
S____-d____ comments about appearance are common, particularly between f____ friends and are associated with increased b____ d____
Self-depreciating
female
body dissatisfaction
Adolescents’ own de____ symptoms are associated with that of their fr____ over time, especially in the context of a be____ fr____.
Three potential mechanisms for this are:
1. Co-ru____ - repeated discussion of in____ am____
2. Ex____ re____ seeking
3. Ne____ fe____ seeking
depressive
friend
best friend
1. Co-rumination - repeated discussion of interpersonal ambiguities
2. Excessive reassurance seeking
3. Negative feedback seeking
What are three moderators of peer contagion effects?
1. Ta____ ch____ (e.g. sex, social anxiety, self-regulation)
2. Pe____ st____ (e.g. status)
3. Re____ fe____ or ch____ (e.g. quality, closeness)
- Target characteristics (e.g., sex, social anxiety, self-regulation)
- Peer status (e.g., status)
- Relationship features or characteristics (e.g., quality, closeness)
Pristein (2007) found gender specific mechanisms for peer contagion effects. What were they?
Boys - d____ contagion occured when the quality of the friendship was l____ or the peer was p____
Girls - only those high in s____ a____ were influenced by their peer’s level of d____ symptoms
- For boys, depressive contagion occurred when the quality of the friendship was
low or the peer was popular. - For girls, only those high in social anxiety were influenced by their peer’s level of depressive symptoms
In some studies, high-quality relationships are the most influential (Piehler & Dishion 2007, Stevens & Prinstein 2005), but in others (Prinstein 2007), adolescents appear more influenced by what two things?
1. Those they want to develop a c____ r____ with (u____ friendships
2. By friendships with l____ levels of p____ f____ q____
- those with whom they want to develop a closer relationship (e.g., unreciprocated friendships)
- by friendships with low levels of positive friendship quality
Peer influence is an ad____ strategy
Adaptive
