7 Flashcards
neutrophil speed of response
few hours
potential complications myelodysplastic syndrome
AML
myelodysplastic syndromes
group of cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and therefore do not become healthy blood cells.
presentation type 2 vWD
bleeding more frequently and heavier than type 1
decreased production causes of thrombocytopenia
bone marrow failure
aplasia
infiltration
presentation leukostasis
- fundal haemorrhages
- dyspnoea
- hypoxia
- venous congestion
- altered conciousness
- resp failure
mortality rate severe acute GVHD
70%
management acute myeloid leukaemia
chemo
- allogenic stem cell transplantation
- ATRA
- arsenic trioxide
essential investigations AML
- blood count + film
- bone marrow aspirate
- cytogenetics
- immunophenoytyping
- CSF examination
- targeted molecular genetics for children
management sickle cell chest crisis
O2
analgesia
close observation as can deteriorate quickly
transfusion top up or exchange
management immune thrombocytopenia purpura/ immune thrombocytopenia
- steroids
- IV IgG
- splenectomy
- thrombopoeitin anologues
define type 2 vWD
qualitative vWD deficiency
if only 1 parent has vWD problem, what are the chances of child developing each type vWD
type 1+2 50%
type 3 - 0%
management haemoarthrosis
resting and icing the joint. elevating the affected limb. taking pain medications. draining the blood from the joint. having surgery to clean out or replace the joint (if resulting arthritis is severe enough)
what is haemophilia B
genetic deficiency of factor IX
coagulation causes of haemostasis
- thrombocythaemia
- insoluble fibrin formation
causes of primary haemostasis
vessel wall damage
vasoconstriction -> platelet adhesion -> platelet aggregation
when does DIC occur
septicaemia
malignancy
eclampsia
what happens in DIC
consumption of platelets and clotting factors as a result of clot formation being greater than fibrinolysis leading to bleeding
describe microvascular disorder
when the small arteries (not the main ones) of the heart are damaged
results in diffuse ischaemia
principally found in DIC
secondary prevention DVT/ PE
depends on cause
anticoagulate 3 months if brought on by a trigger
lifelong if persistent risk factors
what is D dimer
product of fibrin breakdown
