2 Flashcards
define graft vs. host disease
an immune condition occurring after transplant when donor immune cells attack recipient patient hosts tissues
explain autologous stem cell transplant
bone marrow is removed, frozen and reinfused after potent chemotherapy has been given
what drugs are used to prevent immunosuppression
- immunosuppressants
- rapamycin
- cyclosporin
life long prophylaxis for stem cell crisis (HbS)
- vaccinations
- penicillin
- malarial prophylaxis
- folic acid
define thrombocytopenic purpura
isolated low platelet count with normal bone marrow in the absence of other causes of low platelets
chronic myeloid leukaemia
white blood cancer that grows slowly
bone marrow produces too many myeloid cells – immature white blood cells that are not fully developed and do not work properly.
causes leukostasis
- too many platelets
- AML
- CML
- ALL
examples of acquired bleeding disorders
- liver and renal failure
- thrombocytopenia
drugs: - warfarin
- heparin
- aspirin
- rivaroxaban
- apixaban
define hyper acute organ rejection
type II hypersensitivity reaction
within hours
preformed antibodies bind to ABO? HLA on graft
graft destroyed by vascular thrombosis
define type IIII hypersensitivity reaction
- slowest
- T cell mediated
- 2->3 days to develop
- delayed hypersensitivity
management von willebrand disease
- vWF concentrate of DDAVP
- transexamic acid
- COCP
presentation type 3 vWD
- most severe and rarest
- bleeding from mouth nose and gut common
- joint and muscle bleeds can occur after injury
cause of type 2 hypersensitivity reaction
ANTIBODY DEPENDANT
- blood transfusion
- haemolytic disease of newborn
- drug induced haemolysis
- graves disease
management options type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
- antihistamines
- epinephrine
- prevention
- desensitisation
- corticosteroids
management severe primary immunodeficiency
- antibodies against a wide range of pathogens
- Ig IV/ subcutaneous
- plasma screened for HIV and hep B/C
