4 Flashcards
function giving folic acid
prevent neural tube defects
support marrow function
management haemolytic anaemia
- steroids
- folic acid
- splenectomy
- consider transfusion
clinical signs iron deficiency
- beefy red tongue
- koilonychia
- delayed cap refill
- pale pallor
- angular stomatitis
causes iron deficiency anaemia
- malabsorption e.g. coeliac
- iron deficient diet
- dyspepsia
- GI bleeding
- menorrhagia
- increased requirement e.g. pregnancy
presentation macrocytic anaemia on blood films
- lemon yellow tinge
- increased bilirubin
- red cells friable
- hypersegmented neutrophils
- large RBCs
acute leukaemia
cancer of white blood cells that progresses quickly and aggressively
myelofibrosis presentation
- weakened bones
- anaemia
- weakness
- fatigue
- weightless
- cytopenia
- leucopenia
- massive splenomegaly
management neutropenic sepsis
- Sepsis 6
- ABCD
- IV antibiotics (gentamicin)
if no response after 72 hours - IV antifungals
CT chest/ abdo pelvis
neutropenic sepsis investigations
- lactate
- blood cultures
- CT chest/ abdo pelvis
- throat swab
- sputum
- FBCs
- RFTs
- LFTs
- coagulation screen
what is meant by unconjugated bilirubin
it hasn’t been metabolised by the liver
management hereditary spherocytosis
- folic acid
- transfusion
- splenectomy
haemolytic anaemia
accelerated red cell destruction
define stage C CLL
3 < lymph node areas
AND
thrombocytopenia or anaemia
what happens in myeloproliferative neoplasms
blood cancers occurring when bone marrow overproduces one or more type of blood cell
management type 4 hypersensitivity
- prevention through avoiding antigens
- anti-inflammatory drugs
- NSAIDs
- corticosteroids
- drugs blocking TNF/ IL-6
- antibodies against B-cells
- immunosuppressive drugs
polycythaemia vera
blood cancer. It causes your bone marrow to make too many red blood cells. These excess cells thicken your blood, slowing its flow, which may cause serious problems, such as blood clots.
complications HbS
poor perfusion delayed development sickle cell crisis (acute chest syndrome, stroke) pulmonary hypertension PE
describe haemoglobin in sickle cell disease
haem molecule
2 alpha chains
2 beta sickle chains
criteria for myeloma diagnosis
- excessive plasma cells @ bone marrow
- plasmacytoma
- must compromise <10% total bone marrow cell population
monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance
benign paraproteins present in the body
neutrophil function
ingest and destroy pathogens
drugs causing altered platelet function
- aspirin
- clopidogrel
- abciximab
