10

Question 1

in what kind of infection would you find raised eosinophils

Answer 1

parasitic

Question 2

myeloma management

Answer 2

chemo (proteasome inhibitors)
bisphosphonate therapy
radiotherapy
steroids

Question 3

what does prothrombin time measure

Answer 3

extrinsic + common pathways

measures how long it takes for blood to clot

Question 4

indications for FFP

Answer 4

• replacement coagulation factors due to major haemorrhage
• thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura
• disseminated intravascular coagulation
• reversal of warfarin effect

Question 5

what is DIC

Answer 5

when clot forming is greater than fibrinolysis, leading to increased clots in vessels, and reduced coag factors and platelets, meaning bleeding easier

Question 6

how long does FFP need to thaw

Answer 6

half an hour

Question 7

can you cross blood groups with platelets

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

describe homozygous alpha zero thalassaemia

Answer 8

• no alpha chains

- incompatible with life

Question 9

thalassaemia

Answer 9

reduced/ absent globin chain production

Question 10

define stage B CLL

Answer 10

• > 3 lymph node areas

Question 11

describe type 1 hypersensitivity

Answer 11

immediate hypersensitivity reaction

degranulation of mast cells and eosinophils

Question 12

antibody deficiency investigations

Answer 12

• Ig levels
• exclude causes of secondary immunodeficienies
• can lose antibodies in kidney or bowel disease
• If total Ig level normal do more specific

Question 13

clinical presentation antibody deficiencies

Answer 13

• presents a little later in life
• babies born with mothers
• chronic or recurrent bacterial resp infections

Question 14

presentation common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

Answer 14

• recurrent RTIs
• other infections
• autoimmunity

Question 15

criteria for gene therapy to be successful

Answer 15

1. genetic mutation identified
2. transferred gene must confer a proliferation or survival advantage
3. gene therapy must not cause malignancy

Question 16

management SCID

Answer 16

• immunoglobulins
• stem cell transplant
• avoid live vaccines
• prophylaxis against opportunistic infections e.g. pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
• gene therapy

Question 17

what can be used to measure lymphocyte count

Answer 17

flow cytometry

Question 18

describe lymphocyte count in SCID

Answer 18

low < 1x10^9

Question 19

presentation untreated SCID

Answer 19

die in first few months of life

Question 20

conditions causing reduced/ absent globulin chain production

Answer 20

thalassaemia

Question 21

describe red blood cells when there is reduced/ absent globin chain production

Answer 21

normal but less

Question 22

gene mutation

Answer 22

permanent alteration in DNA sequence that makes up a gene