6 - Motivation Flashcards
What Are The 3 Theories Of Motivation?
~ Taylors scientific management.
~ Herzbergs two factor theory.
~ Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Describe Taylors Scientific Management Theory
(9 Points)
~ Monitor and observe workers.
~ Once you have got enough data, you should then come up with the best way of completing the job.
~ Managers should then look to put in place clear procedures of this best way for employees.
~ Managers should provide training, to increase efficiency.
~ Calculate the realistic target of the output per day, you want your workers to hit now that they are trained.
Extra Info:
~ Lower number than realistic target = more training.
~ Higher number than realistic target = bonus.
Taylors View:
~ Money motivates workers.
~ They should be paid on a piece rate.
What Are Limitations To
Taylors Scientific Management Theory?
It’s all about money and nothing else, where now days innovation and creativity are important and are not accounted for.
Describe Herzbergs Two Factor Theory
(4 Points)
~ Found that factors outside the job (Hygiene) and factors inside the job (Motivating) have different impacts on motivation.
Hygiene Factors:
~ Aspects of work that if present prevent workers from being dissatisfied. E.g. Working conditions, basic pay and health and safety procedures.
~ If present do not lead to motivation, but if absent lead to dissatisfaction.
Motivating Factors:
~ Aspects of the work that motivate workers. E.g. Training and development opportunities, responsibility.
Describe Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs
(7 Points)
~ Individual workers have similar needs.
~ Employees are motivated by being presented with the opportunity to achieve the next level.
Maslow’s 5 Needs (Top To Bottom):
~ Self actualisation. E.g. Meeting your potential or up skilling into new areas.
~ Esteem needs. E.g. Recognition or promotions.
~ Social needs. E.g. Sense of belonging to a team or canteens.
~ Safety needs. E.g. Security and safety or job security and safe working conditions.
~ Physiological needs. E.g. Food and shelter or wage to exist.
What Are Limitations Of Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs?
(2 Points)
~ Hard to judge where a worker is in the layers of the hierarchy, from a managers point of view.
~ Criticisms in whether it is in the right order.
What Are The Goals Of Financial & Non-Financial Methods Of Motivation?
Impact motivation and employee engagement, which should impact productivity, innovation or creativity.
Describe Financial Methods Of Motivation
Supports the ideas of Taylors theory and Maslow’s physiological needs.
What Are Methods Of Financial Motivation?
(4 Points)
~ Piece rate.
~ Commission.
~ Salary schemes.
~ Performance related pay.
Describe ‘Piece Rate’ As A Method Of Financial Motivation
(3 Points)
~ Paid according to the output employees produce.
Benefits:
~ Precise alignment of pay to output, increasing productivity.
Drawbacks:
~ Likely to lead to more rush or shortcuts leading to defects or worsening quality.
Describe ‘Commission’ As A Method Of Financial Motivation
(4 Points)
~ Paid according to the number of sales made.
Benefits:
~ Alignment of pay to sales.
Drawbacks:
~ Aggressive sales tactics.
~ A fall in team dynamic if conflicts are caused as a result of who makes a sale e.t.c.
Describe ‘Salary Schemes’ As A Method Of Financial Motivation
(4 Points)
~ Sacrifice a small % of pay to receive other things. E.g. Childcare, pension contributions, company car.
Benefits:
~ Increases employee retention.
~ Brings loyalty to the business.
Drawbacks:
~ Cost of administering the salary scheme.
Describe ‘Performance Related Pay’ As A Method Of Financial Motivation
(3 Points)
~ See a pay rise if you exceed your targets.
Benefits:
~ Focus on targets set.
Drawbacks:
~ Can be hard to quantify targets.
Describe Non-Financial Methods Of Motivation
Supports the ideas of Herzbergs hygiene factors and Maslow’s higher needs.
What Are The Non-Financial Methods Of Motivation?
(5 Points)
~ Empowerment.
~ Team working.
~ Flexible working.
~ Job enrichment.
~ Job rotation.
Describe ‘Empowerment’ As A Method Of Non-Financial Motivation
(4 Points)
~ Providing employees with autonomy, resources and support to take control of their work.
Benefits:
~ Leads to more productivity and innovation.
Drawbacks:
~ Needs a flatter structure to work.
~ Depends on organisational culture.
Describe ‘Team Working’ As A Method Of Non-Financial Motivation
(2 Points)
Herzberg suggested it’s a powerful motivator if opportunities for growth and recognition of success exist.
Drawbacks:
~ Depends on how well it’s managed.
Describe ‘Flexible Working’ As A Method Of Non-Financial Motivation
(2 Points)
~ Employees have more control of where, how and when they work.
~ E.g. Remote working, job sharing and part time.
Describe ‘Job Enrichment’ As A Method Of Non-Financial Motivation
(3 Points)
~ Make employees jobs more interesting.
~ E.g. New tasks, more decision making, train and develop employees.
Benefits:
~ Increases motivation and job satisfaction due to growth and development.
Describe ‘Job Rotation’ As A Method Of Non-Financial Motivation
(2 Points)
~ Assign employees to different departments, locations or products to gain a more diverse understanding of the business.
Benefits:
~ Prepares future strategic leaders or managers.
What Are Factors That Influence The Choice Of Methods Of Motivation?
(3 Points)
~ Characteristics of the workforce.
~ Management and leadership styles.
~ Business objectives.
