6/014.00 VEHICULAR PURSUIT

Question 1

An active attempt by an officer in an authorized emergency vehicle as defined by Nevada Revised Statue (NRS) 484B.700, using emergency equipment (red lights and sirens), to apprehend a suspect who is failing to yield after due notice or is attempting to avoid apprehension, and whose driving presents a clear and immediate danger.

this is the definition of__________.

Answer 1

pursuit

NOTE: An officer continuing to follow the suspect vehicle, regardless of the activation of emergency equipment (red lights and sirens) will be considered “in pursuit.”

Question 2

A non-code tactic that is utilized when attempting to contain a suspect in a vehicle. The tactic utilizes available police units to create a mobile perimeter or “bubble.” “Bubbling” officers will monitor via radio the fleeing vehicle, out of view of the suspect, and move into positions surrounding the suspect while obeying all traffic laws. “Bubbling” officers will not engage nor re-engage the suspect in a vehicle pursuit without supervisor approval. This is the definition of_______.

Answer 2

Bubble tactic

Question 3

discontinuance of pursuit

The complete cessation of a pursuit by the decision of pursuing officers or supervisors - to include the discontinuance of visual contact of the pursued vehicle via turning at the first reasonable turn off of the primary street - and the return to _______ ________.

Answer 3

routine operations

Question 4

paralleling

Additional police units, approved by a supervisor, travelling on adjacent streets using ________ equipment to keep pace with a pursuit.

Code 3 caravanning or paralleling of units or other attempts to join the pursuit without authorization from a supervisor is prohibited.

Answer 4

emergency

Question 5

surveillance mode

A tactic employed following a supervisor’s discontinuance of the pursuit wherein the air unit will switch to surveillance mode (cease ______the suspect and climb to a higher altitude) and continue to observe the vehicle.

The air unit will advise the supervisor if the vehicle continues to present a danger to the public and provide information to patrol units concerning when and where the vehicle stops.

Answer 5

lighting

Question 6

The finality of a vehicular pursuit due to either suspect apprehension, the crashing of the suspect’s vehicle or suspect lost/evaded pursuing unit(s), and the return to routine operation. This is the definition of_________.

Answer 6

Termination of pursuit

Question 7

The rule that limits Code 3 driving to a maximum of ______ over the posted speed limit does not apply to pursuit driving

Answer 7

20 mph

Question 8

Per NRS: “The provisions of this section do not relieve the driver from the duty to drive with due regard for the safety of all persons and _____ protect the driver from the consequences of the driver’s reckless disregard for the safety of others.”

Answer 8

do not

Question 9

A vehicular pursuit may be initiated based on a pursuing officer’s conclusion that the pursuit is the ______________________.

Answer 9

best available option at the time.

Question 10

Understandably, the decision to pursue is often made under difficult, unpredictable, and rapidly changing circumstances. For those reasons, the requirement for immediate _______ __________ for a pursuit and on-going supervisory control of a pursuit is the cornerstone of the Department’s pursuit philosophy.

Answer 10

supervisory authorization

Question 11

The pursuit will consist of the primary unit and, when possible, a secondary unit and third unit. The primary unit may request the ___________ to authorize additional units to join the pursuit, if necessary.

Answer 11

field supervisor

Question 12

A unit will be considered primary if, at any point during the pursuit, the unit is directly ________the suspect vehicle.

Any officer who assumes the primary position, at any point during the pursuit, regardless of duration in the primary position, will complete a separate Pursuit Report in Blue Team.

Answer 12

behind

Question 13

Supervisors will relinquish all position(s) to standard marked patrol unit(s) joining the pursuit to enable the supervisor to maintain control and _________ of continuing the pursuit or determining if it should be discontinued.

Answer 13

objectivity

Question 14

If an officer is involved in a motor vehicle collision during an emergency response or a pursuit, the officer will immediately discontinue involvement and take proper action as is required by the NRS Transportation Code and all other departmental orders and directives unless:

1. No unit is available to assume the pursuit or respond to the unit involved.
2. Damage to the unit is minor, and it can still be operated without danger.

Answer 14

3. There are no apparent injuries as a result of the accident.

Question 15

There will be NO Code 3 caravanning** or **paralleling** of units or **other attempts to join the pursuit without authorization from a _________.

Answer 15

supervisor

Question 16

A pursuit will be conducted only for a

• violent felony or
• if the suspect presents a clear and immediate danger to the public.

Answer 16

• violent felony or
• if the suspect presents a clear and immediate danger to the public.

Question 17

A pursuit will not be engaged for a

unless the suspect presents the aforementioned clear and immediate danger to the public.

Answer 17

• property crime,
• minor traffic infraction or
• an occupied stolen vehicle

Question 18

Clear and immediate danger to the public will not be based solely on a _____ ________ to the officer’s initial attempt to stop the subject’s vehicle.

Answer 18

subject’s reaction

Question 19

If an officer articulates that a subject presents a clear and immediate danger to the public, the:

must verbally approve the pursuit over the radio and can direct officers to continue in the pursuit.

Answer 19

• monitoring sergeant,
• area lieutenant, or
• watch commander

Question 20

In addition, officers who initiate vehicle pursuits, and field supervisors who allow pursuits to continue, must consider the following initiation and evaluation factors:

1. Whether the need for immediate apprehension of the suspect(s) outweighs the dangers created by the pursuit itself.
2. Whether the suspect is known to officers and/or can be apprehended at a later time.
3. Vehicular and pedestrian traffic and road conditions.
4. 5. 6.

Answer 20

• Nature of the area of the pursuit: residential, commercial, or rural.
• Weather conditions (e.g., rain, fog, or snow) time of day, and visibility which creates an unreasonable risk of injury to the public or the pursuing officers.
• Alternatives to pursuit, including the availability of the air unit, the use of the precision intervention technique (PIT), stop sticks, or arrest at a later time.

Question 21

Before conducting a felony car stop for a _______vehicle, officers will request the air unit and allow it adequate time to arrive on scene before activating emergency lights and siren.

Answer 21

stolen

Question 22

All officers involved in a pursuit (primary, secondary, and third unit), to include officers who are _______or ________ will activate body worn cameras (BWCs) throughout the duration of their involvement in the pursuit

Answer 22

“bubbling” or “paralleling,”

Question 23

During a persuit, the primary unit will:

1. Assume responsibility for controlling pursuit tactics.
2. Notify Communications immediately that a pursuit is underway with the following information:
   * * * *
3. Broadcast the intent to use PIT if circumstances permit; otherwise, notification will be made after the fact.
4. Broadcast the progress of the pursuit until relieved by a secondary unit.
5. Constantly evaluate conditions and discontinue the pursuit when the dangers of the pursuit outweigh the need to apprehend the suspect or when so ordered by a supervisor.
6. Cease emergency operations (lights and siren), reduce speed, and discontinue visual contact with the suspect vehicle if the air unit takes over the pursuit, unless otherwise directed by a supervisor.
7. Confirm, via the radio, the discontinuance of visual contact.

Answer 23

• The nature of the original offense.
• b. Location, speed, and direction of travel of the fleeing vehicle.
• c. Description and license plate number of the vehicle, if known.
• d. Number of occupants in the vehicle and descriptions, where possible.

Question 24

During a persuit the Field supervisor will:

1. Immediately acknowledge notification and authorize the continuation of the pursuit via the radio, “I am supervising this pursuit,” and assume responsibility for controlling pursuit tactics and continuing the pursuit.
2. Order discontinuation of the pursuit via the radio when the _________________ is outweighed by the dangers of the pursuit.
3. Consider use of PIT and/or stop sticks.
4. Respond to the termination point of the pursuit, and ensure the appropriate notifications are made.
5. Ensure all required post-pursuit procedures are completed.

Answer 24

necessity for apprehension

Question 25

During a persuit the air unit will:

1. Respond to the pursuit scene when dispatched.
2. Arrive on the scene of the pursuit, and assume primary radio responsibilities when visual contact of the suspect vehicle is made.
3. Upon the request of a field supervisor, assume a _______ ___________, continuing to advise the ground units of the vehicle’s location, traffic congestion, and road hazards that might endanger the ground units or others.
4. Broadcast information to aid ground units if the pursued vehicle is lost or the suspect flees on foot.

Answer 25

surveillance mode

Question 26

During a persui the Ground units will:

1. Cease emergency operation (lights and siren), reduce speed, and discontinue visual contact with the suspect vehicle once the air unit advises it has arrived and is in _______ _________, unless otherwise directed by a supervisor.
2. Consider using the “bubble tactic” based on information being provided by the primary, secondary, and third pursuit units, or the air unit when it takes over the pursuit in surveillance mode.
3. During surveillance mode, will:
   
   1. Discontinue visual contact of the suspect vehicle.
   2. Utilize the non-code bubble tactic to contain the suspect vehicle.

Answer 26

surveillance mode

Question 27

Inter-Jurisdictional Pursuits Initiated by the LVMPD

Pursuits will be discontinued when leaving Clark County unless the decision to continue is approved by the LVMPD on-duty ___________ or __________.

Answer 27

watch commander or field lieutenant.

Question 28

Inter-Jurisdictional Pursuits Initiated by Outside Agencies

A supervisor may authorize officer(s) to drive in _______ operation toward the area of the pursuit to be in a relatively good position to render back up and other aid once the pursuit vehicle is stopped.

Answer 28

routine operation

Question 29

Inter-Jurisdictional Pursuits Initiated by Outside Agencies

If insufficient information is received and/or if the outside agency-initiated pursuit is ____ in compliance with this policy, the pursuit will not be joined by LVMPD police officers.

Answer 29

not

Question 30

The use of tire deflation devices (stop sticks) as a pre-pursuit deployment tactic should only be utilized under extenuating circumstances where the vehicle meets the parameters of an approved ________ should the vehicle become occupied.

Answer 30

pursuit

Question 31

If utilizing stop sticks as a pre-pursuit deployment tactic, the following tactical considerations must be adhered to:

Answer 31

• Approval from a field supervisor prior to deployment.
• Will not be pre-deployed by a single officer.
• Have a tactical plan (e.g., ballistic shield, immediate action, or lethal/low lethal coverage) in place should the vehicle not be immobilized.
• Be in a position which does not over expose the deployment team from the suspect.

Question 32

Officer(s) will not deploy tire deflation devices:

1) When transporting prisoners or other non-police personnel.
2) When fleeing suspects have demonstrated a clear intent to injure officers using the fleeing vehicle or other deadly weapon, unless effective cover is available at the deployment location.
3) As a weapon.
4) On bridges, in roadway curves, in or around roadway construction, or any location where the deploying officer feels that it would be too dangerous because of vehicular or pedestrian movement.
5) To slow or stop any of the following vehicles, unless the use of deadly force would be justified:

a)

b)

c)

Answer 32

• Motorcycle, moped, or any other two- or three-wheeled vehicle.
• All-terrain vehicle (ATV).
• Any truck transporting explosives or other hazardous materials.

Question 33

The use of PIT to stop a pursuit will be done only after the violator has clearly demonstrated the intention to avoid ___________. Before initiating the PIT, officers will use their emergency equipment (red lights and sirens) and will give the operator of the target vehicle a reasonable opportunity to stop.

Answer 33

apprehension

Question 34

PIT as non-deadly use of force:

• PIT may be used to apprehend violators at speeds of 40 mph and below and does not meet the criteria for PIT as deadly force.
• PIT may be used to apprehend violators at speeds of 40 mph and below after the tires have been ________ as a result of a tire-deflation device and do not meet the criteria for PIT as deadly force.

Answer 34

deflated

Question 35

Circumstances warranting the use of the PIT as deadly force are as follows:

1) Continued movement of the pursued vehicle would place others in danger of bodily harm or death; and/or
2) Apparent risk of harm, to other than the _________ of the pursued vehicle, is so great as to outweigh the risk of harm in making the forcible stop; and
3) Other means of apprehension have been considered and rejected as impractical (e.g., continue to follow, stop sticks, and/or call for the air unit).

Answer 35

occupants

Question 36

PIT (successful uses, attempts, and/or declared uses) and vehicle ramming are considered reportable force and must be reported by completing the:

• *

Answer 36

• Use of Force Report and
• Pursuit Report in Blue Team.

Question 37

Reporting PIT:

_______________________________ team, will complete the appropriate reports for incidents where deadly force is used (PIT or ramming).

Answer 37

Critical Incident Review Team (CIRT)

Question 38

Post pursuit requirements.

A supervisor will:

1. Respond to the termination point and assume responsibility for the scene.
2. Ensure all appropriate notifications are made at the scene.
   a. Ensure CIRT/FIT have been notified when the use of force with vehicle results in death or critical bodily injury (PIT under or over 40 mph and ramming).
   b. Notify CIRT/FIT when the pursuit involves multi-jurisdiction, multiple bureaus/area commands, and/or the pursuit involves more than five (5) officers. CIRT/FIT will assess the totality of the circumstances to determine whether a response is necessary.
   c. Notify CIRT/FIT when there is significant damage.
3. Conduct a thorough investigation to determine if the pursuit was within policy and justified. NOTE: If a supervisor becomes involved in a pursuit other than supervising the pursuit, the pursuing supervisor will not conduct the investigation of the pursuit.
4. Ensure all applicable reports are completed.
5. Check the area surrounding the termination point for any video surveillance, and obtain a copy (mp4 format, if possible).

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

NOTE: The supervisor will ensure all perishable (e.g., testimonies and/or photos of injuries) will be gathered prior to the end of shift.

Answer 38

6. Review all involved officers’ BWCs to ensure pursuit procedures were followed and all involved officers are documented in the report.
7. Ensure any officer who assumed a primary position in the pursuit completes a Pursuit Report in Blue Team.
8. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit has been determined to be justified and in adherence to procedure, to include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
9. Document in Blue Team if the pursuit was determined to be unjustified, and include all facts and evidence obtained throughout the investigation.
10. If stop sticks were deployed, the circumstances justifying their use and details of deployment will be documented in the Pursuit Report.

NOTE: The supervisor will ensure all perishable (e.g., testimonies and/or photos of injuries) will be gathered prior to the end of shift.