5.5 Monoclonal Antibodies Flashcards
What is an antibody bonded to an antigen called?
Antibody antigen complex
Describe the structure of an antibody?
2 light chains
2 heavy chains
2 binding sites
A constant lower part
A variable ends near the binding site
What are the 2 ways antibodies aid in destroying pathogens?
Marking them for phagocytes to digest
Sticking pathogens together (agglutination)
What is the point of agglutination?
To stop pathogens from entering the hosts cells
What is the definition of a monoclonal antibody?
Antibodies coming from a single cloned antibody from a cell
How does a pregnancy test work?
Women produce HCG when pregnant
HCG is moved up the strip by free flowing blue beads
HCG then reaches the fixed corresponding antibodies which turn blue with HCG
The second stripe prevents HCG from moving further
What types of ELISA test are there?
Direct
Indirect
How does a direct ELISA test work?
Antigens are added to a beaker
Beaker is washed
Antibodies with enzymes of them are added
Beaker is washed
Substrate is added to react with enzyme and there should be a visible colour change
What is the point of an ELISA test?
To detect the presence of antigens
What is the difference between a direct and an indirect ELISA test?
The indirect test has another antibody with an enzyme bonded to the antibody bonded to the antigen
How does direct targeted therapy work?
Herceptin antibodies bind to the cancer cell, preventing growth molecules from reaching it
How does indirect targeted therapy work?
Antibodies carrying a corresponding antigen and a radioisotope attach to a lymphoma cell and ionise it
